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Science [2 Mark Questions]

Life Processes · Jharkhand Board (JAC) STD 10 (Jharkhand - English Medium). 64 questions.

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Question 12 Marks
What is meant by aquatic animals and terrestrial animals?
Answer
Aquatic animals are the animals which live in water and the terrestrial animals are the animals which live on land.
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Question 22 Marks
What job is done by the kidneys?
Answer
The kidneys remove the poisonous substance urea, other waste salts and excess water from the blood in the form of yellowish liquid called urine.
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Question 32 Marks
Name the five steps which occur in the process of nutrition in animals.
Answer
The five steps involved in the process of nutrition in animals are:
  1. Ingestion.
  2. Digestion.
  3. Absorption.
  4. Assimilation.
  5. Egestion.
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Question 42 Marks
What are the functions of liver and pancreas in the human digestive system?
Answer
Liver secretes bile which helps in the emulsification of fats. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which emulsifies starch, proteins and fats.
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Question 52 Marks
Explain how, it would benefit deep sea divers if humans also had gills.
Answer
If humans also had gills then the deep sea divers could remain under sea water even without carrying oxygen cylinders for breathing as they would be able to extract the dissolved oxygen from water for breathing purpose just like a fish does.
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Question 62 Marks
If a plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen during the day, does it mean that there is no photosynthesis occurring? Justify your answer.
Answer
When photosynthesis occurs during the day, the carbon dioxide released by plants by respiration is all used up and not released. Similarly, some of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis is used up in respiration. Since the plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen even during the day, it means that no photosynthesis is taking place.
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Question 72 Marks
Name the various factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants.
Answer
Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis are:
  1. Light.
  2. Carbon-dioxide.
  3. Water.
  4. Temperature.
  5. Mineral elements.
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Question 82 Marks
What advantage a terrestrial animal has over an aquatic animal with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Answer
A terrestrial animal has an advantage over an aquatic animal in regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration that it is surrounded by an oxygen rich atmosphere from where it can take any amount of oxygen.
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Question 92 Marks
Explain why, when air is taken in and let out during breathing, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air.
Answer
During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a certain residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time ‘for the oxygen absorbed’ into the blood and ‘for the carbon-dioxide to be released’ from the blood.
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Question 102 Marks
Name the main organs of the human digestive system. Also name the associated glands.
Answer
The various organs of the human digestive system are mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The glands associated with the human digestive system are salivary glands, liver and pancreas.
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Question 112 Marks
What are heterotrophs? Give one example of heterotrophs.
Answer
Those organisms which cannot make their own food from inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water, and depend on other organisms for their food are called heterotrophs.
Example: All Animals.
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Question 122 Marks
What is xylem tissue? Name the two kinds of cells in xylem tissue. State whether these cells are living or dead.
Answer
Xylem tissue is a vascular tissue in plants which carries water and minerals from the roots to the various of the plant. Xylem tissue has two types of cells? Xylem vessels and tracheids. Both these tissues are dead cells.
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Question 132 Marks
Why do plants need nitrogen? How do plants obtain nitrogen?
Answer
Plants need nitrogen to make proteins and other compounds. They take up nitrogen from the soil in the form of inorganic salts called nitrates (or nitrites), or in the form of organic compounds which are produced by bacteria from the atmospheric nitrogen.
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Question 142 Marks
How many chambers are there in the heart of:
  1. An amphibian.
  2. A mammal.
  3. A fish?
Answer
  1. Three chambered heart.
  2. Four chambered heart.
  3. Two chambered heart.
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Question 152 Marks
From where do the aquatic animals and terrestrial animals obtain oxygen for breathing and respiration?
Answer
The aquatic animals use the oxygen dissolved in water to carry out respiration. The terrestrial animals obtain oxygen from air.
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Question 162 Marks
What are the major organs of respiratory system in man (or humans)?
Answer
The major organs of respiratory system in human beings are:
  1. Nose.
  2. Nasal Passage.
  3. Trachea.
  4. Bronchi.
  5. Lungs.
  6. Diaphragm.
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Question 172 Marks
Define "saprophyte" Name two saprophytes and two parasites.
Answer
Saprophyte: Saprophytes are the organisms which obtain their food from dead plants (like rotten leaves), dead and decaying animal bodies, and other decaying organic matter (like rotten bread).
Example: Fungi and some bacteria.
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Question 182 Marks
Define "Nutrition" Why is nutrition necessary for an organism?
Answer
Nutrition: Nutrition is defined as a process of intake of nutrients (like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins and water) by an organism as well as the utilisation of these nutrients by the organism. Nutrition is necessary for an organism as it provides energy to them from the food they eat.
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Question 192 Marks
When a person breathes in air, the air enters into his body through an organ Ahaving two holes B in it. The air then passes through pharynx and larynx and enters into a tube C. The tube C divides into two smaller tubes D at its lower end. The two smaller tubes are attached to two respiratory organs E. Each smaller tube divides inside the organs E to form a large number of still smaller tubes called F. The smallest tubes F have air-sacs G at their ends in which gaseous exchange takes place in the body of the person. What are A, B, C, D, E, F and G?
Answer
Here, A, B, C, D, E, F and G refer to the nose, nostrils, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli, respectively.
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Question 202 Marks
Write a chemical equation to show the process of photosynthesis in plants.
Answer
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\text{CO}_2\ +\ 6\text{H}_2\text{O}\ +\ \text{Light Energy}\ \xrightarrow[\text{(Photosynthesis)}]{\text{Chlorophy II}}\ \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6\ +\ \text{6O}_2\\ ^\text{Carbon-dioxide} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^\text{Water}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^\text{(From Sun)}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^\text{Glucose}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^\text{Oxygen}\\ \ \ \ ^\text{(From air)}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^\text{(From soil)}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^\text{(A food)}$
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Question 212 Marks
What type of repiration takes place:
  1. In yeast,
  2. In humans?
Answer
  1. Anaerobic respiration.
  2. Aerobic respiration.
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Question 222 Marks
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in our stomach?
Answer
Hydrochloric acid: It makes the medium of gastric juice acidic so that the enzyme pepsin can digest the proteins properly and also kills any bacteria that might have entered the stomach with food.
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Question 232 Marks
Which contains more carbon-dixoide: exhaled air or inhaled air? Why?
Answer
Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide because during the respiration process when oxygen breaks down glucose, then a lot of carbon-dioxide is produced hence the exhaled air has a higher proportion of the same.
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Question 242 Marks
Name the various organs of the human excretory system.
Answer
The excretory system of human beings consists of the following main organs:
Two kidneys, two ureters, bladder and urethra.
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Question 252 Marks
Define "Parasitic nutrition" Give one example of each type.
Answer
Parasitic nutrition: It is that nutrition in which an organism derives its food from the body of another living organism (called its host) without killing it.
Example: Plasmodium and round worms obtain food by parasitic nutrition.
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Question 262 Marks
Name the mode of nutrition in "Roundworm" and "Plasmodium".
Answer
The mode of nutrition in "Round worm" and "Plasmodium" is parasitic nutrition.
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Question 272 Marks
Explain why, it is dangerous to inhale air containing carbon monoxide.
Answer
It is dangerous to inhale air containing carbon monoxide as it binds very strongly with haemoglobin in the blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen to the brain and other parts of the body. Due to lack of oxygen, the person cannot breathe properly and may become unconscious or may even die.
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Question 282 Marks
“Respiration is a vital function of the body”. Justify this statement.
Answer
Respiration is a vital function of the body as it provides energy for carrying out all the life processes which are necessary to keep the organism alive.
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Question 292 Marks
What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Answer
Xylem Phloem
Xylem Transports Water and minerals. phloem transports food materials witch the plants make.
It transports materials in upward direction only. It transports materials in all the direction.
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Question 302 Marks
Why do fishes die when taken out of water?
Answer
Fishes die when taken out of water because they do not have lungs to utilize the oxygen of air for breathing and respiration. They have gills which can extract only dissolved oxygen from water.
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Question 312 Marks
What is the need of special tissues or organs for transport of substances in plants and animals?
Answer
Special tissues and organs are needed for the transport of substances in plants and animals because these tissues and organs can pick up the essential substances like food, oxygen, water, etc at one end of their body and carry them to all other parts.
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Question 322 Marks
Why is transport of materials necessary in an organism (plant or animal)?
Answer
Transport in organisms (plants and animals) is necessary as it absorbs all essential substances and transports them to all parts so that they reach each and every cell of the body.
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Question 332 Marks
How are waste products excreted in Amoeba?
Answer
Excretion in Amoeba: In amoeba, the waste material carbon-dioxide is removed by diffusion through the cell membrane, but nitrogenous waste and excess water are removed by contractile vacuole.
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Question 342 Marks
What is chlorophyll? What part does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?
Answer
Chlorophyll is a green coloured pigment present in the leaves of plants. It helps in absorbing energy from sunlight during the process of photosynthesis.
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Question 352 Marks
Which part of the body secretes bile? Where is bile stored? What is the function of bile?
Answer
Liver secretes bile which gets stored in the gall bladder. Bile performs two functions:
  1. Makes the acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that the pancreatic enzymes can act on it.
  2. Bile salts breaks the fats present in the food into small globules making it easy for the enzymes to act and digest them.
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Question 362 Marks
What is dental plaque? What harm can it do? How can the formation of plaque be prevented?
Answer
If the teeth are not cleaned regularly, they become covered with the sticky, yellowish layer of food particles and bacteria cells called dental plaque. It causes tooth decay. It can be prevented by brushing the teeth regularly as it neutralises the acids.
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Question 372 Marks
Define "Saprophytic nutrition" Give one example of each type.
Answer
Saprophytic nutrition: It is that nutrition in which an organism obtains its food from dead organic matter of dead plants, dead animals and rotten bread.
Example: Fungi and many bacteria obtain food by saprophytic nutrition.
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Question 382 Marks
Explain why, plants have low energy needs as compared to animals.
Answer
Plants do not move. In a large plant body there are many dead cells like sclerenchyma as a result it requires less energy as compared to animals.
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Question 392 Marks
What type of arrangement exists in the bodies of large animals to meet their oxygen requirements adequately?
Answer
Large organisms contain a respiratory pigment called haemoglobin which carries the oxygen from the lungs to all the body cells very efficiently.
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Question 402 Marks
What is meant by dialysis? What type of patients are put on dialysis?
Answer
Dialysis: The procedure used for cleaning the blood of a person by separating the urea from it is called dialysis. The patients with kidney failure are put on dialysis.
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Question 412 Marks
What would happen if all the green plants disappear from the earth?
Answer
If all the green plants disappear from the earth, then all the organisms (herbivores, carnivores and omnivores) will die due to starvation as green plants are the source of food for all organisms.
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Question 422 Marks
Explain why, a land plant may die if its roots remain water logged for a long time.
Answer
A land plant may die if its roots remain water logged for a long time because too much water expels all the air from in - between the soil particles. Due to this, oxygen is not available to the roots for aerobic respiration. Under these conditions the roots will respire anaerobically producing alcohol which may kill the plant.
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Question 432 Marks
Define "Holozoic nutrition" Give one example of each type.
Answer
Holozoic nutrition: It is that nutrition in which an organism takes the complex organic food materials into its body by the process of ingestion the ingested food is digested and then absorbed into the body cells of the organism.
Example: Human beings obtain food by holozoic nutrition.
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Question 442 Marks
Name the energy currency in the living organisms. When and where is it produced?
Answer
The energy currency of the cell is ‘ATP’. It is produced in cytoplasm in lower organisms which respire anaerobically. In higher organisms, ‘ATP’ is produced in mitochondria when they respire aerobically.
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Question 452 Marks
Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
Answer
It is necessary to separate the oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated blood as mammals and birds have high energy needs because they constantly require energy to maintain their body temperature.
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Question 462 Marks
Define "Parasite" Name two saprophytes and two parasites.
Answer
Parasite: A parasite is an organism (plant or animal) which feeds on another living organism called its host.
Example: Plasmodium and round worm.
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Question 472 Marks
Define a nutrient. Name four important nutrients present in our food.
Answer
A nutrient can be defined as a substance which an organism obtains from its surroundings and uses it as a source of energy or for the biosynthesis of its body constituents (like tissues and organs). The four important nutrients present in our food are: carbohydrates, fats, proteins and mineral salts.
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Question 482 Marks
Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms?
Answer
The rate of breathing in aquatic animals is much faster than terrestrial animals because the amount of oxygen dissolved in water is low as compared to the amount of oxygen dissolved in air.
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Question 492 Marks
What is phloem tissue? Phloem contains two types of cells joined side by side. Name these two types of cells. State whether these cells are living or dead.
Answer
Phloem tissue is a vascular tissue which transports the food materials made in the leaves to the other parts of the plant. Phloem is made up of many cells joined end to end to form long tubes. The cells of the phloem are sieve tubes and companion cell. These are living cells.
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Question 502 Marks
What is blood? Why is it red?
Answer
Blood is a red coloured liquid which circulates in our body. It is red because it contains a pigment called haemoglobin in its red cells.
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[2 Mark Questions] - Science STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip