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Question 12 Marks

An alarm bell is kept inside a vessel as shown in Figure. A person standing close to it can distinctly hear the sound of alarm. Now if the air inside the vessel is removed completely. how will the loudness of alarm get affected for the same person?
Answer
initially, the person is able to hear the sound coming from air water distinctly. But after sometime, when the air is completely removed from the bottle, the sound will pass through the water and not reached to man. So, the man will not hear the sound which was coming through the air initially.
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Question 22 Marks
What is a musical sound? Give two examples of musical sounds.
Answer
A pleasant sound is called music. Its like a treat to the ears.
Example:
$a.$ Beats.
$b.$ Tones.
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Question 32 Marks
Why the voices of men, women and children are different$?$
Answer
The vocal cords in men are about $20\ mm$ long. In women these are about 5mm shorter. Children have very short vocal cords. This is the reason why the voices of men, women and children are different.
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Question 42 Marks
How does sound from a sound producing body travel through air to reach our ears?
Answer
The air particles near the sound producing body vibrate and exchange energy, which is received by our ears and we are able to hear the sounds.
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Question 52 Marks
What is meant by the $(a)$ 'pitch' of sound, and $(b)$ 'quality' of sound$?$
Answer

The sensation of frequency is called “pitch” The high frequency indicates high pitch and vice-versa.
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Question 62 Marks
Out of a man and a woman:
$a.$ Who has shorter vocal cords$?$
$b.$ Who produces sound of higher pitch$?$
Answer
$a.$ Woman has short vocal chords. The male vocal chords are between $17\ mm$ and $25\ mm$ in length whereas of a woman are between $12.5\ mm$ and $17.5\ mm$ long.
$b.$ Woman produces sound of higher pitch.
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Question 72 Marks
By how much will the loudness of a sound change when the amplitude of vibrations is:
$a.$ Doubled?
$b.$ Halved?
Answer
$a.$ Loudness is also doubled.
$b.$ Loudness is halved.
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Question 82 Marks
Explain how, noise pollution (or excessive loud noise) is harmful to human beings.
Answer
Noise pollution has adverse effects physical as well as mental behavior. The constant exposure to noise pollution can create many health related problems like hypertension, insomnia, mental disorder and may even lead to loss of hearing.
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Question 92 Marks
How is musical sound differ from noise?
Answer
Musical sounds are those sounds which are pleasing to the ear while noise is those sounds which are unpleasant to the ear.
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Question 102 Marks
Why a sound cannot be heard on the moon?
Answer
Because moon does not have any atmosphere and sound its does not have any medium for sound to travel as sound does not travel in vacuum.
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Question 112 Marks
Calculate the time period of a pendulum which is vibrating with a frequency of $10$ hertz.
Answer
Time Period given by the inverse of the frequency. Time period $= \frac{1}{\text{frequency}}$ = Time period =$\frac{1}{\text{10Hz}}=0.1 \text{sec}$
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Question 122 Marks
Explain in brief about hearing impairment.
Answer
Hearing impairment is the hearing defect of a person. Total hearing impairment is a problem usually from birth but partial hearing impairment is caused due to age, injury or illness.
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Question 132 Marks
We have a stringed musical instrument. The string is plucked inthe middle first with a force of greater magnitude and then with a force of smaller magnitude. In which case would the instrumentproduce a louder sound?
Answer
It will create more loud sound in case of string stretched with a greater force because amplitude is greater in this case and loudness depends on the amplitude. Greater will be the loudness, greater will be the amplitude.
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Question 142 Marks
What can be done along the roads to reduce noise pollution caused by traffic from reaching the residents of the area?
Answer
The following measures which can be taken to reduce noise pollution caused by traffic from reaching the residents of the area:
$a.$ The residential area must be declared as no use of horns.
$b.$ The colonies must be established at a distance than the roads.
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Question 152 Marks
What differences will you hear in a sound if there is an increase in:
$a.$ Amplitude, and
$b.$ Frequency?
Answer
$a.$ The sound will become loud on increasing the amplitude.
$b.$ The sound will become shrill on increasing the frequency.
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Question 162 Marks
Cymbals (manjira) produces sound. Explain how.
Answer
Manjira consists of two metal discs that when struck against each other produces sound. When the two metal discs are struck against each other they vibrate and produce sound.
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Question 172 Marks
What is a vibration (or an oscillation)? Define 'amplitude' of vibration of an object.
Answer
The to - and – fro motion of an object in a medium is called vibration. Amplitude is the largest distance from the mean position of the object.
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Question 182 Marks
What do you understand by amplitude of vibration?
Answer
Amplitude is defined as the loudness of sound. When the amplitude is large the sound produced is large and if the amplitude is small then the sound produced is also small.
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Question 192 Marks
We have learnt that vibration is necessary for producing sound. Explain why the sound produced by every vibrating body cannot be heard by us?
Answer
Since, range of frequency for every vibrating body is diffrent. But we can hear the vibrations which lies between the range of frequencies from 20 Hz, so sound of every vibrating body cannot be heard by us.
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Question 202 Marks
Mention the reason that brings the sound of fire crackers to our ears.
Answer
As a fire cracker explodes it produces a vibration in the air medium around it which is the reason we can hear a fire cracker exploding.
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Question 212 Marks
We should plant trees along roadside. Explain why.
Answer
Planting trees along roadside is helpful because:
$i.$ Plants reduce noise pollution.
$ii.$ Plants reduce air pollution.
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Question 222 Marks
Mention the frequency of sound produced when the vocal cords are:
$i.$ Tight and thin.
$ii.$ Loose and thick.
Answer
When the vocal cord is:
Tight and thin: the sound produced is of high frequency or it is of high pitch.
Loose and thick: the sound produced is of low frequency or low pitch.
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Question 232 Marks
State one observation from everyday life which shows that sound travels much more slower than light.
Answer
In case of thunder, we see the lightening first and then the sound of thunder. This is because, the velocity of light in air is $3\times 108\ m/s$ while the velocity of sound in air is $343\ m/s.$
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Question 242 Marks
Why are the voices of men and women different?
Answer
The shrillness of sound is the characteristic property of sound which differentiates the sound between male and female. Usually the voice of a woman has higher frequency and shriller than the voice of a man.
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Question 252 Marks
Thunder is heard after lighting. Give reasons.
Answer
Thunder is heard after lighting because lights travels much faster $(3 \times 108\ m/ s)$ than sound $($about $330\ m/ s).$
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Question 262 Marks
Out of solids, liquids and gases:
$a.$ In which medium sound travels slowest?
$b.$ In which medium sound travels fastest?
Answer
$a.$ Sound travels slowest in gas medium.
$b.$ Sound travels fastest in solid medium.
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Question 272 Marks
What is the frequency of the sound produced when the vocal cords are:
$a.$ Tight and thin?
$b.$ Loose and thick?
Answer
$a.$ The frequency produced by tight and thin vocal chords is quite high. i.e. its high pitch sound.
$b.$ The frequency produced by loose and thick vocal chords is quite low i.e. its low pitch sound.
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Question 282 Marks
List three sources of noise pollution in your locality.
Answer
Sources of noise pollution gre:
$i.$ Horns of vehicles
$ii.$ Loudspeakers of temples
$iii.$ genrators running without silencers
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Question 292 Marks
Write some harmful effects of noise pollution.
Answer
Some harmful effects of noise pollution are:
$i.$ Lack of sleep.
$ii.$ Hypertension.
$iii.$ Anxiety.
$iv.$ Temporary or even permanent loss of hearing.
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Question 302 Marks
What is noise? Give two examples of sounds which are considered noise.
Answer
The Unwanted sound that is unpleasant to ear is called noise.
Example:
$a.$ Loud music
$b.$ The noise of machines.
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Question 312 Marks
When we put our ear to a railway line, we can hear the sound of an approaching train even when the train is far off but its sound cannot be heard through the air. Why?
Answer
Because the track is made of metals and sounds travel faster in solids than air. Thus, we can hear the sound of an approaching train even when the train is far off but its sound cannot be heard through the air.
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Question 322 Marks
Suppose a stick is struck against a frying pan in vacuum. Will the frying pan vibrate? Will we be able to hear the sound? Explain.
Answer
Yes, the frying pan will vibrate Since, it is bieng hit by the stick but vibrations need a medium to travel and there is no medium in vacuum, so we'cannot hear the vibrations produced.
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Question 332 Marks
Name the characteristic of sound which depends on:
$a.$ Amplitude.
$b.$ Frequency.
Answer
$a.$ Loudness of the sound depends on amplitude.
$b.$ Pitch of the sound depends on frequency.
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Question 342 Marks
Boojho saw a cracker burst at night at a distance from his house. He heard the sound of the cracker a little later after seeing the cracker burst. Give reason for the delay in hearing the sound.
Answer
The light travels fater than sound so, the light from the cracker reaches faster than that of sound the cracker.
Speed of light in air $= 3 \times 108\ m/s$
Speed of Sound in air $= 330\ m/s$
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Question 352 Marks
Explain why, if we strike a steel tumbler with a metal spoon lightly, we hear a feeble sound but if we hit the tumbler hard, a loud sound is heard.
Answer
This is because the amplitude of vibrations is small when we beat the spoon lightly and so feeble sound is produced but when it is beaten with force then, amplitude of vibrations is large, so loud sound is produced.
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Question 362 Marks
State the various measures which can be taken to control $($or reduce$)$ noise pollution in our surroundings.
Answer
The following measures which can be taken to control $($or reduce$)$ noise pollution in our surroundings:
$a.$ Ban the use of loudspeakers after $9\ pm.$
$b.$ Ban the use of horns in the areas nearby hospital and school.
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Question 372 Marks
Mention the name of passage in the outer ear which carries sound waves to the eardrum.
Answer
The name of passage in the outer ear which carries sound waves to the eardrum is ear canal.
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Question 382 Marks
Differentiate infrasonic sounds and ultrasonic sounds.
Answer
Infrasonic sound is the sound with frequency lower than $20\ Hz$ but ultrasonic sound is the sound with frequency higher than $20000\ Hz$ or $20\ kHz.$
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Question 392 Marks
Explain how does a sound making object differ from one that is silent.
Answer
A sound making object is a vibrating object for which it can produce sound while a silent body is a non-vibrating object.
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Question 402 Marks
Lightning can be seen the moment it occurs. Paheli observes lightning in her area. She hears the sound $5\ s$ after she observed lightning. How far is she from the place where lightning occurs$?\ ($speed of sound $= 330\ m/s).$
Answer
We know that Distance $=$ speed $\times $ Time
Distance $= 330 \times 5 $
$= 1650\ m $
$= 1.65\ km$
$\therefore 1\ km = 1000\ m$
So, she standing at $1.65\ km$ from the place where lighting occurs.
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Question 412 Marks
State two methods of producing sound.
Answer
Two methods of producing sound are:
$a.$ Beating the plate and spoon against each other.
$b.$ Playing guitar.
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Question 422 Marks
Why sound cannot travel through vacuum (or through outer space)?
Answer
Because sound needs material medium to transfer energy from on particle to another particle. If there is vacuum, then no energy transfer takes place.
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Question 432 Marks
Name the characteristic property of sound through which we can differentiate between the sound of male and female.
Answer
The shrillness of sound is the characteristic property of sound which differentiates the sound between male and female. Usually, the voice of a woman has higher frequency and shriller than the voice of a man.
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Question 442 Marks
What is ultrasound? State two uses of ultrasound.
Answer
Ultrasounds mean the sounds having frequency greater than $20,000\ Hz.$
The uses of ultrasound are:
$a.$ They are used in sonography.
$b.$ They used in radars.
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Question 452 Marks
The moment we put our ear to the railway line, we can hear the sound of an approaching train even when the train is far off but its sound cannot be heard through the air. Why?
Answer
Sound propagates fastest in solid medium, so the sound of an approaching train can be heard even when the train is far off.
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Question 462 Marks
How is pitch related to frequency?
Answer
The pitch of a sound you hear depends on the frequency of the sound wave. A high frequency sound wave has a high pitch, and a low frequency sound wave has a low pitch.
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Question 472 Marks
A simple pendulum makes $10$ oscillations in $20$ seconds. Whatis the time period and frequency of its oscillation$?$
Answer
Given, number of oscillations $= 10$
Time taken $= 20\ s$
As, we know that the number of oscillations per second is frequency
$\therefore\text{Frequency}=\frac{\text{Number of oscillations}}{\text{Time taken}}=\frac{10}{20}=0.5\text{Hz}$
$\therefore\text{Time period}=\frac{\text{1}}{\text{Frequency}}=\frac{1}{0.5}=2\text{s}$
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Question 482 Marks
What is the frequency of a vibrating body whose time-period is $0.05$ second$?$
Answer
Time Period given by the inverse of the frequency.
Time period $=\frac{1}{\text{frequency}}$
Or frequency $=\frac{1}{\text{Time period}}$
$\Rightarrow\text{frequency}=\frac{1}{0.05\text{ Sec}}=20\text{Hz}$
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