Science Write notes.

(i) Vitamins are a group of heterogeneous compounds of which each is essential for proper operation of various processes in the body.
(ii) These are main six types of vitamins Eg. A,B,C, D, E and K.
(iii) Out of these A, D, E and K are fat soluble whereas B and C are water soluble.
(iv) Vitamins like riboflavin (vitamin B,) and nicotinamide (vitamin B) are necessary for production of FADH, and NADH, respectively which are produced in processes like glycolysis and Kreb's cycle.

(i) Proteins are the macromolecules formed by bonding together many amino acids.
(ii) Proteins of animal origin are called as first class proteins.
(iii) We get 4 kcal of energy per gram of proteins.
(iv) Amino acids are obtained after digestion of proteins.
(v) These amino acids are absorbed in the body and transported upto each organ and cell via blood.
(vi) From these amino acids, organs and cells produce various proteins necessary for themselves and the whole body. Eg. Melanin, Keratin, Ossein, hemoglobin, etc.

(i) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is energy rich molecule and energy is stored in the bonds by which phosphate groups are attached to each other.
(ii) These molecules are stored in the cells as per need.
(iii) Chemically, ATP is triphosphate molecule formed from adenosine ribonucteoside.
(iv) It contains a nitrogenous compound adenine, pentose sugar ribose and three phosphate groups.
(v) As per the need, energy is derived by breaking the phosphate bond of ATP. Hence, ATP is called as the energy currency of the cell.