Write short notes in 50 to 60 words

Question 13 Marks

Explain Psychology from an Indian perspective.

Answer

From 2000 B.C. to 500 A. C., Indian philosophers studied the mind and human behaviour from different viewpoints. They also described ideas like soul, mind, intuition, and so on.
Upanishads explain the self and personality structure with the help of a concept called Kosha. The different Koshas are Annamaya kosha, Pranmaya kosha, Manomaya kosha, Vidnyanmaya kosha, and Anandmaya kosha.
Ayurveda explained three types of Doshas; viz. Kapha, Vata, and Pitta and three types of Gunas; viz. Sattva Guna, Rajas Guna and Tamas Guna. Doshas determine characteristics of humans while Gunas explain human temperament.
In the fifth century B.C., sage Patanjali explained deep thought about Psychology in Yogsutra.
His theory of Ashtangyoga consists of eight aspects; viz. Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyan, and Samadhi. He also studied levels of human consciousness and elaborated on how one can evolve spiritually.
Many other Indian philosophers and saints also studied the mind and human behaviour.

Question 23 Marks

Explain the study of behaviour by John Watson.

Answer

John Watson was an American Psychologist who defined Psychology as the Science of human behaviour.
He conducted research on animal behaviour, child-rearing, and advertising.
He explained human behaviour through the S-O-R Model.
Stimulus (S) refers to any physical event or condition that gives rise to a reaction. Organism (0) refers to a human being or an animal, who gives a response to the stimulus. Response (R) refers to the reaction of the organism to a given stimulus.
Watson also established the school of behaviourism.

Question 33 Marks

Explain the study of Wilhelm Wundt.

Answer

Wilhelm Wundt was a German Physician and Philosopher.
In the late 19th century, he established the first Psychological laboratory at Leipzig University to study human behaviour.
He introduced the term conscious experience (i.e. awareness of the mental activities of an organism). This awareness includes the stored mental impressions of the past, present, and future.
Wundt introduced the Introspection method.
He also conducted experiments on reaction time, perception, and consciousness. After that, Psychology emerged as a science.

Question 43 Marks

Gunas

Answer

According to Ayurveda, a concept to understand human temperament is called Guna.
There are three types of Gunas, viz. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.
The impacts of Gunas are seen in the behaviour of an individual.
People with Sattva Guna are calm and understanding. They do their work cautiously and promptly. They are aware of reality.
People with Rajas Guna are proud and have high self-respect. They are aggressive, (belligerent)
People with Tamas Guna are idle, sluggish, depressed, and not hard-working.

Question 53 Marks

Doshas

Answer

According to Ayurveda, there are three types of Doshas; viz. Kapha, Vata, and Pitta.

Kapha Dosha: Individuals who have Kapha as a dominant Dosha is calm, flexible, patient, and caring. They take a longer time to grasp a subject but have a strong memory.
Vata Dosha: Individuals who have Vata as a dominant Dosha are unpredictable and moody. They get angry very quickly but they also calm down very fast. They are art lovers,
Pitta Dosha: Individuals having Pitta as a dominant Dosha are very sharp. They are usually short-tempered.

Question 63 Marks

The latest definition of Psychology

Answer

The latest definition of Psychology explains that it is the study of human behaviour and mental processes.
Important terms in this definition are behaviour, mental processes, and the scientific method.
Behaviour is the reaction of an organism to various stimuli present in the environment.
It is either overt or covert. Overt behaviour can be seen directly and includes responses such as walking, talking, dancing while Covert behaviour cannot be seen directly and includes responses such as thinking, feeling, etc.
The mental processes consist of thinking, memory, forgetting, emotion, motivation, attention, and perception.
In a scientific study, experiments are conducted in a controlled environment. It enables researchers to study sample populations and generalise certain observations to the entire population.

Psychology Write short notes in 50 to 60 words