Write differences.

Question 14 Marks

Agriculture Revolution and Industrial Revolution.

Answer

Agriculture Revolution	Industrial Revolution
(i) From hunting – gathering and then pastoral phases, human society entered into a new stage with discovery of agriculture.	(i) Industrial revolution happened around the middle of the eighteenth century and transformed social and economic life.
(ii) Agricultures involved using technology of large -scale farming using ploughs harnessed to animals.	(ii) Industrialisation involved using of machinery and new forms of energy.
(iii) This increased the productive power of hunting and gathering more than tenfold.	(iii) This increased more mass production which turned raw materials into a wide range of goods.
(iv) griculture revolution resulted into expansion of economy through agricultural technology, complex division of labours permanent settlement and advanced trade.	(iv) Industrial revolution resulted into centralisation of work in factories and specialized division of labour.

Question 24 Marks

Matriarchal Family and Patriarchal Family.

Answer

Matriarchal Family	Patriarchal Family
(i) Authority rests at the hands of the mother in a matriarchal family. She is considered the head of the family.	(i) The eldest male is regarded as the head of the patriarchal family. All authority rests at the hands of the male head.
(ii) Matriarchal families follow a matrilineal system of lineage i.e., descent through mother’s line.	(ii) Patriarchal family is also patrilineal i.e., descent is traced through father’s line.
(iii) Residence after marriage is matrilocal i.e., the bridegroom lives with the wife’s family.	(iii) Residence after marriage is patrilocal. The married couple lives with the husband’s family.
(iv) The name follows the mother’s line. It is matronymic.	(iv) The name of the father’s side continues to the next generation. It is patronymic.
(v) The Garo and Khasi tribes of North East India and the Nair’s of South India follow the matriarchal system.	(v) The most widespread form of family in India and most parts of the world is patriarchal family.

Question 34 Marks

Formal Education and Informal Education.

Answer

Formal Education	Informal Education
(i) Formal education is planned with a specific end in view.	(i) Informal education is a process by which an individual imbibes and acquires knowledge without any systematic organisation.
(ii) Formal education has a well-defined and systematic curriculum.	(ii) There is no fixed curriculum, timetable or deliberate agency to impart informal education.
(iii) Formal education is provided to fulfill specific ends, hence, it is limited to a specific period.	(iii) Informal education is a continuous process.
(iv) Formal education include curriculum based on aims designed according to the needs of society acquiring education through school.	(iv) Informal education involves efforts by parents and elders to help young one to adapt to the environment.

Question 44 Marks

Hypergamy and Hypogamy.

Answer

Hypergamy	Hypogamy
(i) In hypergamy, a man marries a woman of a lower social status group or a woman marries a man of higher social group.	(i) In Hypogamy, a man marries a woman of a higher social status group, or a woman marries a man of a lower social group.
(ii) This type of marriage elevates position of the woman in society.	(ii) The type of marriage elevates position of the man in society.

Question 54 Marks

Polyandry and Polygyny.

Answer

Polyandry	Polygyny
(i) It is a form of marriage wherein one woman marries more than one man at a given time.	(i) It is a form of marriage wherein one man has two or more wives at a time.
(ii) Polyandry can be a social response to harsh economic conditions and extreme poverty when a single man cannot adequately support a wife and children.	(ii) Polygyny can be seen as a strategy which allows powerful males to control reproductive resources and to manipulate kin ties.
(iii) Polyandry is divided into fraternal and non-fraternal polyandry.	(iii) Polygyny is divided into sororal and non- sororal polygyny.
(iv) Polyandry is practiced among Todas, Kotas, Khasas, Ladakhis, Tibetans.	(iv) Polygyny is practised among the Bhil tribe, Muslims, Gonds, Nagas.

Sociology Write differences.