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Biology Distinguish between

Photosynthesis · Maharashtra Board STD 11 Science (MSBSHSE - English Medium). 5 questions.

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Distinguish between

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Question 15 Marks
Cyclic photophosphorylation and Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
Answer
Cyclic photophosphorylation Non – cyclic photophosphorvlution
1. Electrons emitted by chlorophyll return back to the same chlorophyll. The electrons emitted by chlorophyll do not return back to the same chlorophyll.
2. First electron acceptor is $FRS.$ First electron acceptor is $CO – Q$
3. It forms only $ATP.$ $NADPH_2$ and ATP are formed.
4. Does not involve photolysis of $H_20.$ Involves photolysis of $H_20.$
5. No evolution of $0_2.$ There is evolution of $0_2.$
6. Only Photosystem-I $(P700)$ is involved in this cycle. Both Photosystem $PS-I (P700)$ as well as $PS-II (P680$) are involved.
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Question 25 Marks
Respiration and Photorespiration
Answer
Respiration Photorespiration
1. Occurs in all aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Occurs in $C_3$ plants under high temperature, bright light, high oxygen and low $C0_2$ concentration.
2. A light independent process, occurs in both presence and absence of light. A light dependent process, occurs in presence of Jight.
3. Produce energy rich molecules like ATP, GTP, $FADH_2, NADH_2$ Do not produce energy rich molecules such as ATP.
4. Respiration is an energy-producing process. Photorespiration is an energy wastage process.
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Question 35 Marks
Respiration and Photorespiration
Answer
Respiration Photorespiration
1. Occurs in all aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Occurs in $C_3$ plants under high temperature, bright light, high oxygen and low $C0_2$ concentration.
2. A light independent process, occurs in both presence and absence of light. A light dependent process, occurs in presence of Jight.
3. Produce energy rich molecules like $ATP, GTP,$ $FADH_2, NADH_2$ Do not produce energy rich molecules such as ATP.
4. Respiration is an energy-producing process. Photorespiration is an energy wastage process.
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Question 45 Marks
Differentiate between $PS-I$ and $PS-II.$
Answer
$1.$ The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient is called chemiosmosis.
$2.$ The movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration in mitochondria and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, leads to the generation of $\text{ATP}.$
$3.$ These membranes are thylakoids and the protons accumulate in the lumen during photosynthesis.
$4.$ An electrochemical concentration gradient forms when hydrogen ions $($protons$)$ diffuse from an area of higher proton concentration to an area of lower proton concentration.
$5.$ This electrochemical concentration gradient of protons across a membrane can be utilized to make $\text{ATP}.$
$6. \ \text{ATP}$  synthase is the enzyme that makes $\text{ATP}$ by chemiosmosis. .
$7.$ It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate $\text{ADP}$ making $\text{ATP}$.
$8.$ Splitting of water molecule on the inner side of the membrane results in the accumulation of hydrogen ions within the lumen of thylakoids.
$9.$ The enzyme, $\text{NADP}$ reductase, is located in the stroma side of the membrane.
$10.$ For reduction of $\text{NADP}$ to $NADPH_2$ protons are required along with electrons that come from ferredoxin.
$11.$ Thus, within the chloroplast, the protons in the stroma decrease in number, while in the lumen, the number of protons increases.
$12.$ This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
$13.$ Energy,generated by the subsequent spontaneous movement of protons is used for the synthesis of $\text{ATP}.$
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Question 55 Marks
Distinguish between Photosystem $I$ and Photosystem $II$
Answer
$1.$ The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient is called chemiosmosis.
$2.$ The movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration in mitochondria and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, leads to the generation of $\text{ATP}.$
$3.$ These membranes are thylakoids and the protons accumulate in the lumen during photosynthesis.
$4.$ An electrochemical concentration gradient forms when hydrogen ions $($protons$)$ diffuse from an area of higher proton concentration to an area of lower proton concentration.
$5.$ This electrochemical concentration gradient of protons across a membrane can be utilized to make
$\text{ATP.}$
$6.\ \text{ ATP}$ synthase is the enzyme that makes $\text{ATP}$ by chemiosmosis.
$7.$ It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate $\text{ADP}$ making $\text{ATP.}$
$8.$ Splitting of water molecule on the inner side of the membrane results in the accumulation of hydrogen ions within the lumen of thylakoids.
$9.$ The enzyme, $\text{NADP}$ reductase, is located in the stroma side of the membrane.
$10.$ For reduction of $\text{NADP}$ to $NADPH_2,$ protons are required along with electrons that come from ferredoxin.
$11.$ Thus, within the chloroplast, the protons in the stroma decrease in number, while in the lumen, the number of protons increases.
$12.$ This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
$13.$ Energy,generated by the subsequent spontaneous movement of protons is used for the synthesis of $\text{ATP.}$
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