History Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index.

India was forced into both the World Wars started by the British Imperial rule. The impacts of wars on India were as follows:
(i) Awareness against the exploitative rule of the British and participation of masses in the Indian freedom struggle: During wartime, the British Government started recruiting army personnel from India. Extra taxes were levied on Indians for raising funds. The prices of essential commodities went up. Indians suffered from the problems of inflation, unemployment. Indians from all strata of society, workers, farmers, middle class, and women joined in the Indian national movement against British rule.
(ii) Protest of Indian National Congress: The Indian National Congress protested against the Viceroy’s announcement of India’s participation in the war. The Congress demanded India’s freedom in return to India’s help to England in war. However, Lord Linlithgow turned the demand of the Congress so Congress decided not to participate in World War II.
(iii) Contribution of Azad Hind Sena: Azad Hind Sena under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose joined Japanese forces against the British and fought fiercely for attaining independence of India.
(iv) India got independence: After the end of the Second World War British realized that India was not going to be the perennial source of profit for them as it used to be. They decided to return home and India got Independence.

The First World War was fought between allied nations and central powers. The First World War
began in 1914 C.E. The causes of the war were:
(i) Increase in production: Due to the industrial revolution machines came into use for the various production processes. It also led to increasing in production because of mechanization.
(ii) Imperialism: The European countries needed more raw material to match the quantitative increase in production and more markets to sell their surplus products. Imperialistic European nations began to search for newer lands to meet these needs.
(iii) Growing Militarisation: The search for newer lands and colonies would often create warlike situations among them. Keeping this in view more powerful nations in Europe felt the need to continuously increase their military power and armory.
(iv) Division of Europe into two hostile groups: Germany, England, Russia, France, Austria, Hungary where the nations of primary importance. Among them, rival groups were formed. Because of the rivalry, every nation began to enhance its military and naval strength, There was a competition to produce more and more destructive weapons.
(v) Immediate cause: The Austrian Prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian maniac. In Austria, people believed that this whole act was maneuvered by the Serbian Kingdom. Hence, Austria called a war against Serbia. Russia came to help Serbia. Two distinct groups were formed, one group supporting Austria (Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria) known as central powers and another supporting Serbia (England, France, Russia) known as allied nations.

(i) The British Government of India compelled India, one of their colonies, to participate in the World War.
(ii) India became the source of procuring help in the form of money, food, clothing, and other war supplies. During 1919-20, the British Government in India provided help to England worth Rs.19 billion. India also contributed one hundred and fifty crores of rupees to the war expenses.
(iii) Seventeen of the Indian soldiers were honoured and decorated with ‘Victoria Cross’, a medal, given for gallantry.
(iv) War left a significant impact on various fields including production of war supplies, civil industries, trade, economic policies, farming and agricultural production, etc. This war boosted India’s industrial growth, especially in the Iron and steel industry. Considerable growth was also seen in motor transportation and motor vehicles.
(v) During the wartime and post-war period there was a decrease in export. The prices of agricultural products reduced but the prices of industrial products increased. Indian food grains were exported to allied nations. It caused a shortage of food and increasing prices of food grains for the Indians.
(vi) Due to war experience Indians realized that India could be considered backward in the matters of aircraft, mechanized war instruments, medical facilities. In 1917, Montagu- Chelmsford administrative reforms were introduced in India. India became extremely poor due to war.

Lord Linlithgow’s announcement of India joining the war:

• The Second World War was started in September 1939. In the Second World War England and France fought against Italy and Germany.
• England declared war against Germany. At the same time, Viceroy of India Lord Linlithgow declared that India would also join the war in support of England.

Protest of Indian National Congress:

• Indian National Congress was against the aggressive dictatorship of Germany and Italy. Congress did not support colonialism so they protested against the viceroy’s announcement.
• England claimed that it was fighting for the protection of democracy in Europe. Indian National Congress now demanded the freedom of India from British domination.

The decision of the Indian National Congress:

• Indian National Congress gave assurance to England that India as an independent nation would support England in World War II. They also announced that Indians will not help the British if the British continued with their imperialist administration in India.
• Lord Linlithgow announced that British Government will not look upon any issues related to India till the end of the war, reacting to this Indian National Congress decided not to participate in the war.

Contribution of Azad Hind Sena:

• When the Japanese army reached the eastern border of India several volunteers of Azad Hind Sena joined this army under the leadership of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose against the British.
• Netaji thought that even the enemy of the British may be approached for help if needed. Azad Hind Sena fought bravely to attain its goal of freedom of India and in this way contributed a lot to India’s Freedom Struggle.