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Question 11 Mark
State two postulates of Oparin and Haldane with reference to origin of life.
Answer
  1. First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules/RNA & Protein.
  2. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution/formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
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Question 21 Mark
Write the probable differences in eating habits of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Answer
Homo habilis did not eat meat/vegetarian.
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
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Question 31 Mark
How many chromosomes do drones of honeybee possess? Name the type of cell division involved in the production of sperms by them.
Answer
16, Mitosis.
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Question 41 Mark
State Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle.
Answer
Two closely related species competing for same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated).
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Question 51 Mark
State two postulates of Oparin and Haldane with reference to origin of life.
Answer
  1. First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules/RNA & Protein.
  2. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution/formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
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Question 61 Mark
Write the probable differences in eating habits of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Answer
Homo habilis did not eat meat/vegetarian.
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
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Question 71 Mark
How many chromosomes do drones of honeybee possess? Name the type of cell division involved in the production of sperms by them.
Answer
16, Mitosis.
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Question 81 Mark
Why are analogous structures a result of convergent evolution?
Answer
Analogous structures are not anatomically similar/do not have common ancestors and evolving for similar function in the same habitat.
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Question 91 Mark
State Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle.
Answer
Two closely related species competing for same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated).
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Question 101 Mark
State two postulates of Oparin and Haldane with reference to origin of life.
Answer
  1. First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules/RNA & Protein.
  2. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution/formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
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Question 111 Mark
Write the probable differences in eating habits of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Answer
Homo habilis did not eat meat/vegetarian.
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
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Question 121 Mark
How many chromosomes do drones of honeybee possess? Name the type of cell division involved in the production of sperms by them.
Answer
16, Mitosis.
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Question 131 Mark
State Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle.
Answer
Two closely related species competing for same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated).
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Question 141 Mark
Comment on the similarity between the wing of a cockroach and the wing of a bird. What do you infer from the above, with reference to evolution?
Answer
Similar in function/analogous organs, convergent evolution.
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Question 161 Mark
According to Hardy – Weinberg’s principle the allele frequency of a population remains constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
Answer
It indicates gene migration/gene flow/genetic drift/mutation/genetic recombination/natural selection leading to evolution.
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Question 171 Mark
Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.
Answer
Forelimbs of horse/cow/dpg/cat.Wings of bird/bat.
Flippers of dolphins/whale/seal.
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Question 181 Mark
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialisation period in England.
Answer
Natural selection/survival of fittest/escaped predators due to camouflage.
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Question 191 Mark
What is "fitness of an individual" according to Darwin?
Answer
Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.
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Question 201 Mark
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialisation period in England.
Answer
Natural selection/survival of fittest/escaped predators due to camouflage.
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Question 211 Mark
What role does an individual organism play as per Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
Answer
Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.
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Question 231 Mark
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialisation period in England.
Answer
Natural selection/survival of fittest/escaped predators due to camouflage.
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Question 241 Mark
Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
Answer
Similar infunction(fly)/different in structure and origin/analogous organs, convergent evolution.
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Question 271 Mark
Mention the type of evolution that has brought the similarity as seen in potato tuber and sweet potato.
Answer
Convergent evolution.
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Question 281 Mark
What causes speciation according to Hugo de Vries?
Answer
Mutation (s)/large (heritable) differences arising suddenly in a population/Saltation (single step large mutation).
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Question 291 Mark
Write the names of the following:
  1. A 15 mya primate that was ape-like.
  2. A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands.
Answer
  1. About 15 million, primates called Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
  2. About 2 million, Australopithecines lived in East African grasslands.
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Question 301 Mark
Write the names of the following:
  1. A 15 mya primate that was ape-like.
  2. A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands.
Answer
  1. About 15 million, primates called Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
  2. About 2 million, Australopithecines lived in East African grasslands.
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Question 311 Mark
Write the names of the following:
  1. A 15 mya primate that was ape-like.
  2. A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands.
Answer
  1. About 15 million, primates called Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
  2. About 2 million, Australopithecines lived in East African grasslands.
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Question 321 Mark
State the two principal outcomes of the experiments conducted by Louis Pasteur on origin of life.
Answer
Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that:
  1. Life comes only from pre-existing life.
  2. In pre-sterilized flasks, life did not come from killed yeast while in another flask open to the air, new organisms arose from killed yeast.
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Question 331 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Bobcat, Wolf, Anteater, Spotted cuscus.
Answer
Spotted cuscus.
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Question 341 Mark
Among Ramapithecus, Australopithecines and Homo habilis - who probably did not eat meat?
Answer
Homo habilis.
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Question 361 Mark
Name the placental mammals corresponding to the Australian 'spotted cuscus' and Tasmanian 'tiger cat', which have evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
Answer
Lemur and Bobcat.
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Question 371 Mark
When was the earth supposed to have been formed and when did life appear on the earth?
Answer
  • Earth was supposed to have been formed 4.5 billion years before.
  • Life appeared about four billion years ago.
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Question 401 Mark
Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.
Answer
Wings of birds and forelimbs of horse.
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Question 411 Mark
Pick out the ancestral line of Angiosperms from the list: Conifers, Seed ferns, Cycads, Ferns.
Answer
Seed ferns.
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Question 421 Mark
Among the five factors that are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, three factors are gene flow, genetic drift and genetic recombination. What are the other two factors?
Answer
Mutation and Natural Selection are the other two factors.
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Question 431 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Branching descent, Natural selection.
Answer
Lamarckism.
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Question 461 Mark
Write down the consequence of absence of genetic variations among individual of a population.
Answer
There will be no organic evolution will occur in such a population.
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Question 471 Mark
What do you mean by adaptive radiation?
Answer
It is the evolutionary process in which different species starting from a common point in a geographical area radiate to other geographical areas.
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Question 481 Mark
The theory of spontaneous generation was dismissed by whom and why?
Answer
Louis Pasteur rejected the theory of spontaneous generation and stated that life originates from pre-existing life.
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Question 491 Mark
According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, the allele frequency of a population remains constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
Answer
The change in frequency of alleles indicates evolutionary change.
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Question 501 Mark
Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
Answer
Darwin's finches of the Galapagos islands had common ancestors but now have different types of modified beaks according to their food habits.
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Answer the following questions - BIOLOGY STD 12 Science Questions - Vidyadip