What is the quantity of dehydrated water when $34.2 g$ cane sugar is treated with conc. $H _2 SO _4$ under normal conditions of temperature and pressure?
Which among the following elements in their respective oxidation states develops lowest spin only magnetic moment ? $($Atomic number $Cu =29, Fe =26, Ni =28, Co =27 )$
(a): As we move through the lanthanide series, $4f$ electrons are progressively filled. The mutual shielding effect of electrons is very little, being even smaller than that of $d$-electrons. The nuclear charge however increases by one at each step increasing the inward pull experienced by the $4 f$ electrons and this tends to decrease in size.
Which one of the following statements concerning lanthanides is false?
A
Most characteristic oxidation state of lanthanides is +3 .
✓
The ionic radii of trivalent lanthanides steadily increase with increase in atomic number.
C
All lanthanides are dense metals.
D
Lanthanides are separated from one another by ion exchange methods.
Answer
Correct option: B.
The ionic radii of trivalent lanthanides steadily increase with increase in atomic number.
(b) : The statement (b) is wrong as the ionic radii of trivalent ions of lanthanides decrease gradually as atomic number increases. This is also known as lanthanide contraction.
(d): The basic nature of hydroxides decreases from La to L.u along the lanthanide series due to lanthanide contraction. Thus, $La ( OH )_3$ is the most basic hydroxide.
Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature, it reacts with both acid and base.
$\ce{ZnO +2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + H_2O}$
$\ce{ZnO +2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2 ZnO_2 + H_2O}$