Science Do as instructed

1. Movements in the interior of the earth release tremendous amount of energy.
2. This causes seismic waves leading to movement of the earth’s surface like tremors, shaking, cracking up.
3. Such vibrations or quaking in the earth’s crust is known as earthquake.
4. Man-made causes like mining, construction of big dams can also lead to earthquakes.

1. Landslide causes due to erosion, slope movement in the downward direction, prolonged rainfall and seepage, vibration caused by earthquakes, deforestation, river erosion.
2. Building collapses: Bad design, faulty construction, foundation failure or weak foundation, extraordinary loads, earthquakes, rampant and irregular constructions.

1. Forest fire is an uncontrolled fire in a forest, pasture or grasslands due to natural or man-made causes.
2. Natural causes of forest fire can be lightning, volcanic eruptions, friction amongst branches of trees in extremely hot and dry weather.
3. Man-made causes of forest fires are clearing land by burning which sometimes goes out of control.
4. Campers and hikers sometimes leave behind a potential source of ignition like a lighted cigarette or a campfire.

1. Floods is a frequently occurring natural disaster in all parts of the world.
2. Due to excessive rains in the same place, a river overflows its banks causing a flood.
3. The water drainage system in big cities falls short when there is heavy rainfall, resulting in choking of gutters and drainage lines.
4. Water overflows on to the roads and surrounding houses.

1. Take the patient to a cool place or in the shade.
2. Sponge the whole body with cold water.
3. Place a cloth soaked in cold water on the neck.
4. Give plenty of water or liquids like sherbets to drink.
5. If the patient feels like vomiting make him prone i.e. on his/her abdomen with the head turned to one side.
6. Get medical help or shift the patient to a hospital.

1. Wash the wound with water.
2. Give emotional support to the patient.
3. Tie a cloth tightly above the wound.
4. Get immediate medical help.

1. The injured part should be washed with water or held underwater.
2. Give the victim water to drink.
3. Clean the wounds using a cotton swab soaked in an antiseptic solution.
4. Do not apply oily ointments.
5. Cover the wound using dry dressings.

b. Serious bums

1. Give emotional support.
2. Cover the wound with sterilised cloth.
3. Remove jewellery, shoes etc. if easily possible.
4. Do not touch or burst the blisters on the skin.
5. Do not apply oily ointments.
6. Do not try to remove the cloth if it is struck to the burnt skin.
7. If the patient is conscious give water to drink but avoid tea or coffee or other stimulating drinks. Get medical aid at once.

1. Make the person sit or lie down comfortably.
2. Clean the bleeding part of the bodywith water.
3. Keep it above the level of the heart.

1. Wash the wound with a soap solution.
2. Cover the wound with a clean and dry cloth.
3. Get a doctor’s help.