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History & Civics Answer in brief

History ch 4 - The Freedom Struggle of 1857 · Maharashtra Board STD 8 (MSBSHSE - English Medium). 6 questions.

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6 questions · self-marked practice — reveal the answer and mark yourself.

Question 12 Marks
Answer the following questions in brief :
Write about Queen’s Proclamation.
Answer
  1. Queen Victoria of England issued a proclamation addressed to the people of India in 1858.
  2. She declared that the people in India were her subjects and that discrimination would not be made on grounds of race, religion, caste and place of birth.
  3. Government jobs will be given strictly on the basis of merit.
  4. She promised that government will not interfere in the religious matter of the people.
  5. She promised all the treaties made with the Indian rulers will be honoured and that no state would be annexed in future.
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Question 22 Marks
Answer the following questions in brief :
What changes were made in administration of India after the struggle of 1857?
Answer
After the struggle of 1857, the British Parliament made the following changes in the administration of India :
  1. The rule of the East India Company came to an end.
  2. The Governor General was designated as Viceroy of India. He was entrusted with powers to rule over people of India.
  3. He carried administration under the control of British Parliament.
  4. A new post called Secretary of State was created in the British Government to look after the affairs of India.
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Question 32 Marks
Answer the following questions in brief:
What were the changes in British policy after the struggle of 1857?
Answer
  1. The British accepted the policy of non-interference in social and religious aspects of Indians.
  2. They took care that Indian society did not unite on social grounds.
  3. They took care to see that conflicts on grounds of caste, religion, race, territory kept raging.
  4. They poisoned and polluted the minds of Indians by following the policy of ‘Divide and Rule’.
  5. What changes
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Question 42 Marks
Answer the following questions in brief:
What were the consequences of struggle of 1857?
Answer

  1. The British government realised that there was growing dissatisfaction among the Indians due to Company’s rule.
  2. The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act in 1858 and took over the responsibility of ruling over people of India thus bringing an end to Company’s rule.
  3. The Queen issued a Declaration addressing the people of India.
  4. The Governor General was designated as the Viceroy of India.
  5. A new post of Secretary of State was created to look after the affairs of India.
  6. The British changed the composition of army and its internal policies.
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Question 52 Marks
Answer the following questions in brief:
Why did the Indians fail in the struggle of 1857?
Answer
There are several reasons for the failure of Indians in the struggle of 1857. They were :
  1. It did not have central leadership so lacked uniformity.
  2. The Indian soldiers who participated in the struggle did not have latest and sufficient weapons.
  3. They were brave but did not have tactics.
  4. On the other hand, the British had a unified leadership, disciplined army, latest weapons and experienced army generals.
  5. The British controlled transport and communication which made their movement swift.
  6. The majority of the rulers of the Princely States kept themselves away from the freedom struggle.
  7. The struggle was severe in Northern India. It did not take place all over India simultaneously.
  8. Rajputana, Punjab, some parts of Bengal and North west India remained aloof.
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Question 62 Marks
Answer the following questions in brief:
What were the social causes behind the struggle of 1857?
Answer
The social causes behind the struggle of 1857 were :
  1. The Indians felt that Britishers interfered in their culture, traditions and customs.
  2. The British enacted Sati Prohibition Act and the Widow-Remarriage Act.
  3. These were seen as an interference in the lifestyle of the Indians.
  4. Indians resented it as it was regarded as the destruction of the way of life by the British government.
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