Social Studies Answer the question

Plate boundaries are directly related to areas of earthquakes and volcanoes. Most of the volcanoes are located on the plate boundaries. Similarly, the earthquake zones are also seen in the border areas.

Volcanoes are concentrated in the eastern part of Africa along the Rift Valley region as this region is located on plate boundaries.

The Himalayan mountainous zone of Asia is an earthquake-prone zone.

The earthquake-prone zone is located on the western side of North and South America. Rockies and Andes mountain ranges are located there.

North American Plate, South American Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, African Plate, Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, Antarctic Plate, Arabian Plate, Nazca Plate, Cocos Plate, Caribbean Plate, Scotia Plate, Arabian Plate and Somali Plate.

A process in which hot solid, liquid and gaseous materials are thrown out from the mantle of the earth onto the surface of the earth, is called volcanic eruption.

The Earth’s slow movements that give rise to continents and extensive plateaus are called epeirogenic movements.

The area of subsidence between two adjoining faults is called a rift valley.

A raised portion of the crust between two parallel faults is called a block mountain.

The fracture line created in a rock due to the energy waves moving away from each other is called a fault.

The slow movements in the interior of the Earth that give rise to mountains are called orogenic movements (mountain building movements).

The point located on the surface of the Earth nearest to the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

The parts of varying sizes of the Earth’s crust floating on the upper portion of the mantle are called plates.

Primary and secondary waves affect the surface on reaching it. As a result a new set of waves gets generated at the surface. These waves are called surface waves.

The earthquake waves reporting at the surface after the primary waves are called the secondary waves.

The earthquake waves that reach the surface of the Earth first, immediately after the energy is released in the interior of the Earth, are called Primary waves.

The point below the Earth’s surface where energy is released during an earthquake is called the focus of the earthquake.

It is a scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake.

Endogenetic processes are processes that originate internally in the Earth’s surface. E.g. earthquakes, volcanoes, continent building, mountain building etc.