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Science [1 Mark Questions]

Carbon and its Compounds · MP Board (MPBSE) STD 10 (Madhya Pradesh - English Medium). 254 questions.

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Question 11 Mark
 Write the molecular formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ and $3^{\text {rd }}$ member of the homologous series where the first member is ethyne.
Answer
The molecular formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ member of the homologous series is $C _3 H _4$ and the $3^{\text {rd }}$ member of the homologous series is $C _4 H _6$ whose first member is ethyne.
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Question 21 Mark
Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer
The compound is butanal and the structure is represented by the following chemical structure:$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{O} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \text{||} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H}$
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Question 31 Mark
Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of butane, $C _4 H _{10}$
Answer
Total number of bonds in Butane ($C _4 H _{10}$) = 13$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H}$
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Question 41 Mark
 Write the molecular formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ and $3^{\text {rd }}$ member of the homologous series whose first member is ethene.
Answer
The molecular formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ member of the homologous series is $C _3 H _6$ and the $3^{\text {rd }}$ member of the homologous series is $C _4 H _8$ whose first member is ethene.
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Question 51 Mark
Write the name and structure of an alcohol with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer
Butanol ; $CH _3- CH _2- CH _2- CH _2 OH$ Alternate Answer
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{O} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H}$
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Question 61 Mark
Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane, $C_3H_8.$
Answer
The number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane, $C_3H_8$ is 10.$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propane}$
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Question 71 Mark
Write the molecular formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ and the $3^{\text {rd }}$ member of the homologous series whose first member is methane.
Answer
The molecular formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ member of the homologous series is $C _2 H _6$ and the $3^{\text {rd }}$ member of the homologous series is $C _3 H _8$ whose first member is methane.
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Question 81 Mark
Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane.
Answer
The numbers of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane are seven.
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Question 91 Mark
Name two salts each of calcium and magnesium which make the water hard?
Answer
These salts are:
  • Calcium chloride- $\text{CaCl}_{2}$ Magnesium chloride- $\text{MgCl}_{2}$.
  • Calcium sulphate- $\text{CaSO}_{4}$ Magnesium sulphate- $\text{MgSO}_{4}$.
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Question 101 Mark
Write the name and formula of the second member of the carbon compounds having functional group-OH.
Answer
The name of the formula of the second member of the carbon compounds having functional group - OH is ethanol $i . e . C _2 H _5 OH$.
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Question 111 Mark
Draw the structure for ethanoic acid molecule, $CH _3 COOH$.
Answer
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H}{-}\text{C}{-}\text{C}{-}\text{O}-\text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ |} \ \ \ \ \text{||} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \text{O}$
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Question 121 Mark
Which compounds are responsible for the depletion of ozone layer?
Answer
Methane $\left( CH _4\right)$, Carbon dioxide $\left( CO _2\right)$ and Water vapor $\left( H _2 O \right)$ are the other gases than $CFC _{ S }$ (Chloro flouro carbons) those have impact on the depletion of ozone layer.
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Question 131 Mark
Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group.
Answer

The molecular formulas of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group.

Are follow, $CH _3 COCH _3, CH _3 COC _2 H _5$
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Question 141 Mark
What is a homologous series of carbon compounds?
Answer
A Homologous series is the family of organic compound having the same functional group ,and the successive (adjacent) members of which differ by $CH_2$ unit or 14 mass unit.
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Question 151 Mark
Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series whose functional group is –CHO.
Answer
The molecular formulas of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group – HCO are HCOH, CH3COH.
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Question 161 Mark
Write the name and molecular formula of the fourth member of alkane series.
Answer
The fourth member of the alkane series is butane $C _4 H _{10}$.
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Question 171 Mark
Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group -COOH.
Answer
The molecular formulas of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group –COOH are HCOOH, $CH _3 COOH$
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Question 181 Mark
Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why?
Answer
Carbon shows catenation property. This is because of the 4 valence electrons present in outer shell.
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Question 191 Mark
Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –OH.
Answer
The molecular formula for two consecutive members of this series is:
$CH _3 OH$ (Methanol)
$C _2 H _5 OH$ (Ethanol).
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Question 201 Mark
Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following:
$C _3 H _6 ; C _5 H _{10} ; C _4 H _{10} ; C _6 H _{14} ; C _2 H _4$
Answer
Among the given hydrocarbons, only alkanes are saturated.
Alkanes have a general formula, $C_nH_{2n+2.}$
Among the given hydrocarbons, the ones that follow the above mentioned general formula are as follows:
  1. $C_4H_{10} (n = 4)$
  2. $C_6H_{14} (n = 6)$
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Question 211 Mark
Write the name and formula of the 2 nd member of homologous series having general formula $C _n H _{2 n}-2$.
Answer
Second member of the homologous series having formula $C _n H _{2 n-2}$ is Ethyne. Molecular formula - $C _2 H _2$
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Question 221 Mark
Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –Br.
Answer
The molecular formulas of first two members of homologous series having functional group - Br are $CH _3 Br , C _2 H _5 Br$.
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Question 231 Mark
Name the following compounds:
  1. $\text{CH}_{3} - \text{CH}_{2} - \text{OH}\ ;$
  2. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {|}\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C} = \text{O}$
Answer
  1. Ethanol.
  2. Ethanal.
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Question 241 Mark
Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –Cl.
Answer
$CH _3 Cl$ and $C _2 H _5 Cl$ are the first two members of homologous series having functional group - Cl .
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Question 251 Mark
Write the next homologue of each of the following:
i. $C _2 H _4$.
ii. $C _4 H _6$.
Answer
i. The next homologue of $C _2 H _4$ (ethene) is $C _3 H _6$ (propene).
ii. The next homologue of $C _4 H _6$ (butyne) is $C _5 H _8$ (pentyne).
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Question 261 Mark
Write the name and formula of the $2^{\text {nd }}$ member of homologous series having general formula $C _{ n } H _{2 n }$.
Answer
Alkene series has the general formula of $C _{ n } H _{2 n }$. Propene is the second member of the alkene family and has $C _3 H _6$ as the molecular formula.
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Question 271 Mark
Name the functional group present in each of the following organic compounds:
  1. $\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{C}{\ell}$
  2. $\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{OH}$
Answer
  1. Halo/ Halogen/ Chloro.
  2. Alcohol.
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Question 281 Mark
Which class of chemicals is linked to the decrease in the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere of the earth?
Answer
The depletion of ozone layer is due to the use of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons.
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Question 291 Mark
How many covalent bonds are there in a molecule of ethane, $\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{6}$?
Answer
There are 7 covalent bonds in a molecule of ethane.
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Question 301 Mark
Why did United Nations act to control the production of chlorofluoro-carbons (CFCs) used in refrigerators?
Answer
Chlofluoro carbons are responsible for the depletion ozone layer. Due to depletions of ozone layer, UV radiation reaches the earth. These UV radiations cause skin cancer, damage to eyes and immune system. Therefore, United Nations tried to freeze CFC production.
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Question 311 Mark
State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a large number of carbon compounds.
Answer
The two characteristics are:
  1. Tetravalency: Tetra stands for 4 and valent stands for valency.
  2. Catenation: catenation means self bonding and the formation of long chains.
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Question 331 Mark
Name the functional group present in propanone.
Answer
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11\\ \text{Ketone}/\ \ \ \ \ \text{-C-}$
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Question 341 Mark
What happens when (give chemical equation):
Sodium reacts with ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
Answer
When sodium reacts with ethanol (Ethyl alcohol), hydrogen gas is evolved.$2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}+2\text{Na}\rightarrow2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{O}^{-}\text{Na}^++\text{H}_2.$
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Question 351 Mark
Which of the following molecule is called buckminsterfullerene?$\text{C}_{90}\text{C}_{60}\text{C}_{70}\text{C}_{20}$
Answer
$C _{60}$ is called buck minster fullerene.
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Question 361 Mark
Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place during the burning of ethanol in air.
Answer
$\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}+3\text{O}_2\xrightarrow[{(\text{Burning})}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Combution}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\}2\text{CO}_2+3\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{Heat}+\text{Light}$
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Question 371 Mark
What happens when carbon burns in air? Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place.
Answer
When carbon is burned in air, it forms carbon dioxide gas and releases a large amount of heat and some light:
$C + O _2 \rightarrow CO _2+$ Heat + Light.
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Question 391 Mark
A hydrocarbon with molecular formula $C _3 H _6$ decolories bromine water.
Name the family to which this hydrocarbon belongs and write its general formula.
Answer
Since the compound decolorizes Bromine water due to carbon dioxide, it is denote by propene.
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Question 401 Mark
What are primary and secondary suffixes as applied to IUPAC nomenclature?
Answer

In IUPAC nomenclature, the following subdivision is followed for naming the compounds.

Primary suffixes are used to indicate the degree of unsaturation (i.e., presence of double or triple bonds) in a carbon compound.
E.G.: - Ane (for alkanes), -ene (for alkenes), -yne (for alkynes)
Secondary suffixes are those suffixes which describe the main functional group of the compound. They are added after the primary suffix.
E.G.: - One (for ketones), -oic acid (for carboxylic acids)
Example:
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \\ \\ \text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$
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Question 411 Mark
Name the functional groups present in the following compound.
$CH _3 CH _2 CH _2 COOH$
Answer
Carboxylic acid.
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Question 421 Mark
What are oxidising agents?
Answer
Oxidizing agents are the substances that gain electrons in an redox reaction and whose oxidation number is reduced.
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Question 431 Mark
Give the common name and IUPAC name of the simplest aldehyde.
Answer
Common name: Formaldehyde.
IUPAC name: Methanal.
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Question 441 Mark
Complete the following reaction, $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{Cl}_2\rightarrow$
Answer
This is an example of addition reaction.$\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{Cl}_2\rightarrow\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2 \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cl} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cl}$
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Question 451 Mark
Define functional group.
Answer
The functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner, which gives the chemical properties of the organic compound and are the centers for chemical reactivity.
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Question 461 Mark
Why do we add ethanol to petrol in these days?
Answer
Ethanol is added to petrol because ethanol is a cleaner fuel which when burnt in a sufficient amount of air to give carbon dioxide and water.
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Question 471 Mark
What happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer
Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium ethanote and carbon dioxide.$2\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}+\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3\rightarrow2\text{CH}_3\text{COONa}+\text{CO}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
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Question 491 Mark
Draw the structures of:
Butyraldehyde.
Answer
$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}-\text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ || \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}$
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Question 501 Mark
What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at $170^{\circ} C$ ? Write the equation of the reaction which takes place.
Answer
When ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at $170^{\circ} C$, it gets dehydrated to form ethene.$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\xrightarrow[ {(\text{Dehydration})}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cons.}\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4;170^\circ\text{C}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \\ \ \ }\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
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[1 Mark Questions] - Science STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip