Social Science Question(1 Marks)

Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.

Meaning of Beggar:
Labour that villager was forced to contribute without any payment.

The writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’ is Mahatma Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the movement had turned violent in many places. The Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 turned into a violent clash and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji felt satyagraha is were not ready for mass struggles.

Banabhatta.

Religious/protestant reformer.

For plantation workers, Sawraj meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

“Vande Mataram” was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

The writer of the book ‘The History of The Loss of Vietnam’ is ‘Phan Boi Chau’.

PHAN BOI CHAU wrote a play on Trung sisters.

Poona pact.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Vietnam gained formal independence in 1945.

(A) Struggle against the oppressive plantation system/Champaran in Bihar.(B) Supported the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat.

Inland Emigration Act of 1859: Plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without Permission.

It provides large scale employment to weavers because it is a cottage industry which can be set up at home. cottage industry gives employment to lot of weavers and thus said so.

Mahatma Gandhi raised the slogan 'do or die' during the 'Quit India Movement'.

He brought Hindus and Muslims closer together.

In February 1922, Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrah is needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles.

The Simon Commission arrived in India with the purpose of looking into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggesting changes.

The demand of Purna Swaraj or complete independence for India was made in this session.

The Congress did not want to offend the conservative high-caste Hindus.

According to gandhi irwin pact mahatma gandhi agreed to attend second round table conference. Lord irwin agreed to release political prisoners.

At the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, conveyed to him by C. F. Andrews, Gandhi returned to India in 1915.

The boycott of British institutions posed a problem. No alternative institutions were set-up to their place. So, the teachers and students finally had to resume their studies and jobs in government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Vande Mataram. It is a hymn to the motherland.

It was associated with the breaking of salt law.

Baba Ramchandra led the Awadh peasants during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

It was formed to defend the Khalifa's temporal powers.

The militant guerrilla movement was led by Alluri Sitaram Raju, the follower of Mahatma Gandhi. The colonial government had closed large forest areas to prevent people from entering the forest to graze their cattle, to collect firewood and fruits. This enraged the hill people as it affected their livelihood and traditional rights. The government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, the hill people revolted. The rebels proclaimed Raju as an incarnation of God as he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj.

Significance of September 1920. In the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, Gandhi convinced the leaders of the Congress upon the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.

People start buying mill cloth instead of Khadi because khadi clothes are made by hand and it is very expensive to buy for middle class families.

By war loans and increasing taxes introduced income tax. Custom duties were raised.

Gandhiji opined that it was the duty of women to look after hearth and home, be good mothers and good wives.

The prominent industrialists who supported the civil disobedience movement were Purshottam das Thakurdas and G.D. Birla​. The organisations led by them were Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (ICCI) in 1920 and Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

To repress the Rowlatt Satyagrahis, Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred by the British Government.

Lord Irwin announced a vague offer of dominion status for India, in October 1929.

Large scale participation of women was an important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement. During the Salt March, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to the speeches of Gandhi. women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. While women of high caste families participated from urban areas, in rural areas they came from rich peasant households. But this did not bring about any radical changes in the positin of women. For a long time the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation.

Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

They demanded relaxation in revenue collection.

When they heard of the Non-cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

1. Champaran in Bihar.
2. Kheda in Gujarat.

The two factors that shaped Indian politics towards late 1920s were:

1. The first was the effect of the worldwide economic depression. Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930. As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue. By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil.
2. The Tory government in Britain constituted the Simon Commission to look into the functioning of the Constitutional government in India. The Simon Commission came to India in 1928. Since this Commission had no Indian member, it was greeted with protests and black flags.

The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production revealed the most oppressive face of the British rule.

For the plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined spaces where they worked and the right to retain a link to the villages they had come from. Upon the advent of the Non-Cooperation Movement, they left the plantation grounds without permission and headed to their villages. They believed Gandhi Raj was coming and that everyone would be given a piece of land in their villages.

Rowlatt Act (1919) had given the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

There was forced recruitment of soldiers in rural areas. Crops failed resulting in acute storage of food, accompanied by influenza epidemic.

It was a process by which the colonial state forced people, especially thepeople belonging to rural areas, to join the army.