BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Haemoglobin.

Glucose and ribose are the examples of monosaccharide.

Glycogen is found in liver cells and muscles in the body.

1. Three hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine.
2. Two hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine.

1. Ribozymes.
2. Niacin.

Uracil (a pyrimidine base) is present in RNA (in DNA it is thymine).

Peptide bond.

Proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids.

The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in a cell, is called metabolism. Metabolic pathways, type of pathways, glycolysis, energy currency.

N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine.

Nucleic acid.

Uracil (U), is the nitrogenous base present only in RNA, e.g., viruses like hepatitis C.

Emil Fischer (1894) proposed lock and key hypothesis.

Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO).

Transition state structure of the substrate refers to the new structure of the substrate formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme, before conversion into product(s).

Aromatic oils.

Peroxidases and catalases.

Appearance of blue colour with the addition of iodine is due to its reaction with amylose of starch.

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are the four basic essential elements of life.

Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine.

Lipids.

Arginine.

Proteins are linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

'Biomolecules' refers to all the carbon compounds that we obtain from the living cells/ tissues.

The name given is heteropolysaccharide to the type of polysaccharide, which is composed of different types of monomers, e.g., pectin.

Backbone of DNA molecule is formed of sugar and phosphates.

Isoenzymes (isozymes) is the term used for enzymes that have slightly different structure, but similar catalytic action.

Since, cellulose is made of only one type of monomer (glucose), that is why it is considered as a homopolymer.

Collagen forms the intercellular ground substance.

Extracellular.

• Insulin is a hormone.
• Trypsin is an enzyme.

1. Glycine.
2. Serine.

The structure/ shape of the active site should be suitable to the shape of the substrate molecule for the formation of enzyme-substrate complex; hence, enzymes are specific for substrates.

Enzymes work on the principle of lock and key model.

Casein: Found in milks. Albumin: Found in eggs.

1. Glycine.
2. Serine.

It enables glucose transport into cells.

1. Ten.
2. 34Å. or 3.4nm.

The temperature affects the velocity of enzyme action. When the temperature is high, there is a sudden decrease in enzyme action due to denaturation. Most enzymatic reactions occur below 45°C.

Analysis of chemical composition gives an understanding of basic constituents of the living organisms. Apart from that chemical analysis is also used to diagnose various diseases.

The enzyme becomes inactive on increasing temperature because the proteins denature at high temperature due to which its tertiary structure gets disrupted.

Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars, which cannot be further hydrolysed.

Triose, fructose, maltose, oligosaccharides and starch.

Active or catalytic site is that part of an enzyme where catalytic work is carried out.

Nitrogen is found invariably in proteins, but not in all carbohydrates and lipids.

1. An acidic amino acid-Aspartic acid.
2. A basic amino acid-Arginine.

Ribozymes.