BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Penicillium notatum and Streptomyces are two species offungus, which are used in the production of the antibiotics.

By production of antibiotics like penicillin, tetracyclin, by production of vaccines for herpes, TB, DPT, etc.

(A biological organism) That fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

A measure of organic waste matter present in the water, greater the BOD more is its polluting potential.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Methanogens, substrate is excreta/gobar/cellulose/sludge.

E.coli and Saccharomyces cerevisae.

Biogas comprises a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia.

Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic named penicillin.

Secondary treatment of waste water is a biological process as it employs the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage.

Wine.

Ladybird, beetle and Dragonflies control mosquitoes and aphids.

Aspergillus.

• Trichoderma polysporum is the source of cyclosporin A.
• Cyclosporin A is used as an immuno-suppressive agent in organ transplant patients, to prevent rejection of the graft.

Statins act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. Thereby, reducing the blood cholestrol level.

• Penicillin is the first antibiotic.
• It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

Plague, whooping cough, diphtheria, leprosy, etc.

Sewage water is treated to reduce the BOD, because higher the BOD of the water, greater is its polluting potential.

Primary Sludge	Activated Sludge
All solids that settle after primary treatment of sewage, constitute the primary sludge.	The sediments formed by the bacterial flocs from the effluent from the secondary treatment, constitute the activated sludge.

Azotobacter and Clostridium.

They are species-specific and narrow-spectrum insecticides; they have no negative impacts on other organisms.

Toddy is a traditional drink made by fermenting sap from palms.

Streptococcus.

Methanogens help in the digestion of cellulose in the rumen of cattle

Viruses used in biological control of insects, pests and other arthropods.

Bt cotton is a GM crop and contains gene from Bacillus thuringiensis which helps in killing pests.

• The bottled fruit juices are clarified by the use of enzymes, pectinases and proteases, which would digest/ degrade the pectins and protein respectively; hence they are clearer.
• Those made at home are not clarified by any such enzyme.

Roquefort cheese produced by Penicillium roqueforti.

They are species specific and narrow spectrum insecticides; they have no negative impacts on other organisms.

In 1985.

Biocontrol means the use of biological methods or living organisms for controlling pathogens and pests.

1.  

• Ladybird beetles get rid of aphids.
• Dragonflies help to get rid of mosquitoes.

2. Aerobic bacteria and fungi.

Distillation is done to remove most of the water and impurities from certain alcoholic drinks.

• Rhizobium bacterium is a symbiont in the root nodules of legumes.
• It fixes atmospheric nitrogen as nitrogen compounds in the soil.

Tobacco mosaic virus.

The mortality rate would have increased due to no antibiotics.

Ladybird.

Filtration and Sedimentation.

Chain, Florey and Fleming won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of penicillin in 1945.

Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrients in the soil.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• Cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.
• They also add organic matter to the soil to increase soil fertility.

Alexander Fleming, Ernest Chain and Howard Florey.

Swiss cheese.

Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.

Blue-green algae are not popular as biofertilisers due to difficulty in its use, price fluctuation, unavailability of inputs required and market uncertainity.

Flocs are masses of bacteria, associated with fungal hyphae, which form meshlike structures, during secondary treatment of sewage.