Social Science Answer The Following Questions In Short.[3 Marks Each]

The two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised are:

• The people often wrongly believe that Adivasis are exotic, primitive and backward.
• That often Adivasis are blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change or new ideas.

Marginalization is a complex and delicate issue and has to be handled by the Government very carefully. To rectify marginalization a variety of strategies, measures and safeguards have to be undertaken.
It is the duty of every citizen of this country to ensure that the Fundamental Rights of all citizen, whether they belong to the majority community or the minority community is protected. It is only the effort of everyone that will protect the diversity that makes our country unique and promote equality for all.

The reasons for a community to be socially marginalized are….. Different language,

• Different customs.
• Different religion.
• Financial status.
• Education.

Economic, social, cultural and political factors work together to make certain groups in society feel marginalised. Marginalized groups are viewed with hostility and deprived of opportunities that are available to other communities. They experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness against more powerful and dominant sections of society.

Two reasons in support of the statement "Muslims are a marginalized community:

• The Muslim community has not been able to gain from the country's socio-economic development as statistics on basic amenities, literacy rate and public employment show. 63.6% Muslims live in kutcha houses as compared to only 55.2% Hindus also the literacy rate amongst Muslims was the lowest at 59% in a 2001 survey.
• Their customs are distinct from other religious communities, so much so that they are identified as separate from the "rest of us" leading to unfair treatment and discrimination against Muslims.

Adivasis are invariably portrayed in very stereotypical ways—in colourful costumes, headgear and through their dancing.
They often lead to people believing that they are of primitive background.
Adivasis are blamed for lack of advancement as they are believed to be reistant to change or new ideas.

The three things I would tell a friend about the Adivasis in India would be:

1. Around 8 percent of India’s population is Adivasi and many of India’s most important mining and industrial centres are located in Adivasi areas – Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro and Bhilai among others.
2. Adivasis are not a homogeneous population: there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.
3. Adivasis practise a range of tribal religions that are different from Islam, Hinduism and Christianity. Adivasis have their own languages which have often deeply influenced the formation of ‘mainstream’ Indian languages, like Bengali.

Sachar committee was constituted by the Government of India to investigate the contemporary status of muslims in India. The Committee came to the conclusion that on a range of social, economic and educational indicators. The situation of the muslim community is comparable to that of other marginalised communities like scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes. Justice Rajinder Sachar headed the committee.

The word ‘marginalisation’ simply means exclusion from the mainstream. Marginalisation of any community or a person can be because of many reasons like:

• Speaking a different language.
• Following different customs.
• Belonging to different religious group from the majority community etc.

Marginalisation is linked to experiencing disadvantage, prejudice, poverty and powerlessness. It is a complex phenomenon which results into a low social status, not having equal access to education and other resources.

Marginalisation is a complex phenomenon requiring a variety of strategies, measures and safeguards to redress this situation. All of us have a stake in protecting the rights defined in the Constitution and the laws and policies framed to realise these rights. Without these, we will never be able to protect the diversity that makes our country unique nor realise the State’s commitment to promote equality for all.

Sometimes, marginalised groups are viewed with hostility and fear. This sense of difference and exclusion leads to communities not having access to resources and opportunities and in their inability to assert their rights. They experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness vis-a-vis more powerful and dominant sections of society who own land, are wealthy, better educated and politically powerful.

The reasons could be: different language, different customs and attice, financial status, different religion, education. The community may feel marginalised because people are poor, considered to be of law social status and viewed as being less human than others. Sometimes, marginalised groups are viewed with hostility and fear. This sense of difference and exclusion leads to communities not having access to opportunities and resources, and their inability to assert their rights. They experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness against more powerful and dominant sections of society. Social, economical, political and cultural factors work together to make any community feel so.

Yes, economic marginalization and social marginalization are inter-linked. Marginalisation implies having a low social status and a consequent lack of access to education and other resources. Social marginalization, as seen in the case of the Muslim community, is based on how their traditions, culture and dressing make us identify Muslims as different from us. This sometimes leads to unfair inequity on the basis of religious differences. As a result, minority groups may find it difficult to rent houses, procure jobs or even send their children to schools. This is economic marginalization. Thus, the two are inter-connected.

The Adivasis are indigenous peoples and are believed to be the first inhabitants of India. Adivasis have distinct languages, religions and forms of self-government, together with a deep bond to their land and respect for nature. 8 percent of India’s population are Adivasis. There are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.
Adivasi communities do not have any hierarchy among them. They are totally different from communities organised around principles of the caste system.
The religion of Adivasis is different from Islam, Hinduism or Christianity. The Adivasis worship their ancestral, village or nature spirits.
During the nineteenth century, substantial numbers of Adivasis converted to Christianity, which has emerged as a very important religion in modern Adivasi history. Adivasis have their own languages which may be as old as Sanskrit. The Adivasi language has influenced the formation of Indian languages, like Bengali.

1. Muslims are considered to be a marginalised community in India because in comparison to other communities, they have always been deprived of the benefits of socio-economic development.
2. They have been deprived of basic amenities, literacy and public employment.
3. Economic and social marginalisation is experienced by Muslims.
4. Muslims may wear a burqa, sport a long beard, wear a fez and these become ways to identify all Muslims. Because of all these, they tend to be identified differently and some people think they are not like the ‘rest of us.’