Science M.C.Q. [1 M]

1. Many microbial agents can commonly move from an affected person to someone else in a variety of ways. Such disease$-$causing microbes can spread through the air.
2. This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sneezes or coughs. Someone standing close by can breathe in these droplets, and the microbes get a chance to start a new infection.
3. Examples of such diseases spread through the air are the common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis.
4. Obviously, the more crowded our living conditions are, the more likely it is that such airborne diseases will spread.
5. Cancer is non$-$communicable, $\text{AIDS}$ spreads via body fluids, and cholera spreads through infected water.

1. Malaria Caused by a parasite Plasmodium, this disease is transmitted via bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
2. Dengue fever.
3. Chikungunya.
4. Zika fever.
5. Lymphatic filariasis $($elephantiasis$).$
6. Japanese Encephalitis.

It is possible to prevent polio by stimulating your immune system with vaccination. Vaccinating individuals, especially young children, can establish lifelong immunity to the disease. The inactivated polio vaccine needs to be given at $2, 4,$ and between $6$ and $18$ months of age with a booster between ages $4-6.$

Hemophilia is a rare disorder in which your blood doesn't clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins $($clotting factors$).$ Hemophilia $A,$ also called factor $VIII\ (FVIII)$ deficiency or classic hemophilia, is a genetic disorder caused by missing or defective factor $VIII,$ a clotting protein.

Given the current size and mobility of the human population, emerging diseases pose a continuing threat to global health. This threat became reality with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome $(SARS).$

A chronic condition is a condition where the metabolism of the body is severely disturbed and it lasts for a longer duration.
They maybe present from birth.
Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, $COPD$, diabetes, and viral diseases such as hepatitis $C$ and $HIV/ AIDS.$

White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV infects and destroys certain white blood cells called $\mathrm{CD}_{4^{+}}$ cells. If too many $\mathrm{CD}_{4^{+}}$ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection.

Health depends on three parameters - physical, mental, and social well-being.
According to $WHO,$ health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”