BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Epipetalous stamen: When stamens are attached to the petals, they are epipetalous as in brinjal.

Perigynous flower: If gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level, it is called peri-gynous. The ovary here is said to be half inferior, e.g., plum, rose, peach.

Superior ovary: In the hypogynous flower the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other parts are situated below it. The ovary in such flowers is said to be superior, e.g., mustard, china rose and brinjal.

Zygomorphic: When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is zygomorphic, e.g., pea, gulmohur, bean, Cassia.

Actinomorphic: When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be actinomorphic, e.g., mustard, datura, chilli.

Placentation: The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as placentation.

Aestivation: The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to the other mem-bers of the same whorl is known as aestivation.

In a pinnately compound leaf a number of leaf-lets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which repre-sents the midrib of the leaf as in neem. In palmately com-pound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e., at the tip of petiole, as in silk cotton. 

Palmately compound leaves are found in the silk cotton tree.

When the gynoecium is located at the top of the flower, then the flower is called hypogynous.

Flower is a modified form of shoot.

After fertilisation, fruit is formed from the ovary and seed is formed from the ovule.

Petunia is an ornamental plant. It comes in the Solanaceae family.

The fruit of Solanaceae family is berry or capsule type.

The botanical name of potato is Solanum tuberosum.

1. Belladonna 2. Ashwagandha

The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called aleurone layer.

In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called non-endospermous.

In mango, the inner fruit wall is hard and stony.

Mango (fruit) develops from monocarpellary su- perior ovaries.

The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as placentation.

Monoadelphous stamens are found in Hibiscus.

(1) Male reproductive organ - Androecium

The number of ovules in peas is five (5).

In Calotropis, valvate aestivation is found.

Parallel venation is found in monocotyledon plants.

Leaves produce food for the plant.

When the stem is young it is usually green.

Root hairs absorb water and mineral salts from the soil.

The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure called the root cap.

The plumule and radicle are enclosed in sheaths which are called coleoptile and coleorhiza respectively.

Fruits that develop without fertilisation are called parthenocarpic fruits.

When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is zygomorphic or bilateral symmetry.

In palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e., at the tip of petiole, as in silk cotton.

Neem is an example of pinnately compound leaves.

Fibrous root system.

Endosperm.

Basipetal order.

The leaf base is swollen which is called the pul- vinus and is found in leguminous plants.

Wolffia.

The smallest seed is of orchids and the largest seed is of double coconut.

The veins of the leaf provide strength to the leaf

Bicarpellary obligately placed, syncarpous; ovary superior, bilocular, placenta swollen with many ovules, axile.

Leaves are attached anteriorly on the stem.

Solanaceae.

The seed coat has two layers, the outer testa and the inner tegmen.

When the anthers in the stamens are underde- veloped and pollen grains are not formed in them. This type of stamens are incapable of reproducing, hence sterile sta- mens are called staminodes.

Leaves are attached to the stem with the help of petioles.

Reticular venation.

Fabaceae.