Plant Kingdom BIOLOGY - Plant Kingdom

Most plants are green in colour because:

Pinus differs from mango in having:

Holdfast, stipe and frond constitutes the plant body in case of:

The absence of chlorophyll, in the lowermost cell of Ulothrix, shows:

Floridean starch is found in:

Differentiate between the following:-
homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte

Differentiate between the following:-
syngamy and triple fusion

Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
isogamy

Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
archegonium

When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?

Differentiate between the following:-
syngamy and triple fusion

Differentiate between the following:-
homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte

Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
isogamy

Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
archegonium

Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
sporophyll

What is the basis of classification of algae?

Draw labelled diagrams of.
Gametophyte and sporophyte of Funaria.

What is the general structure of Pteridophytes?

Angiosperms are the most advanced among plants and show more variety than any other division of plants. Additionally, most of the useful plants for us belong to the division angiosperm. Which of the following lessons can be taken from this? What are the benefits of learning multiple skills in our life?

1. A diverse group of students is always good for academic learning.
2. If a student knows multiple skills, then he is more likely to become relevant for the society.
3. A student with better physical features is likely to be a better student.

Photosynthesis not only facilitates production of food but also cleans up the environment. Which of the following is similar to this multipronged effect of photosynthesis? Explain how deforestation affects our environment.

1. An automobile not only carries people but also releases carbon dioxide in the air.
2. A cow not only gives milk but also produces methane which is a greenhouse gas.
3. A cow not only gives milk but also produces cowdung which can be used as kitchen fuel.

Match the following

	Column I		Column II
a.	Chlamydomonas	i.	Moss
b.	Cycas	ii.	Pteridophyte
c.	Selaginella	iii.	Algae
d.	Sphagnum	iv.	Gymnosperm

Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.

What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.

Bryophyta (bryophytes) A division of plants which for some authors includes the mosses (Musci) and liverworts (Hepaticae), but is now often taken to include only the mosses; liverworts having been assigned divisional status as Hepatophyta. Bryophytes differ from algae in that the multicellular gametangium is surrounded by a protective jacket of sterile cells; gametangia of algae are usually unicellular and never have a protective jacket of sterile cells. Although bryophytes lack differentiated water-conducting vessels, and rely largely or entirely on water absorbed from rain falling on the plants, or from a moist atmosphere, some larger species may have simple water-conducting cells. They lack true roots, but possess root-like rhizoids which anchor them to a substrate and which can absorb water and minerals. The plants all show a heteromorphic alternation of generations, with a green vegetative gametophyte (the familiar moss or liverwort plant) and a sporophyte which typically takes the form of a (usually stalked) capsule and which is partially or wholly parasitic on the gametophyte. Most bryophytes are land plants and are found worldwide in a range of habitats. They are known from Devonian rocks, but there is no evidence to link them with either the green algae or the more advanced pteridophytes.

(1) A characteristic feature of bryophytes is:
(a) a dominant and parasitic sporophyte
(b) a dominant and spore-producing gametophyte
(c) a small sporophyte phase, which is dependent on the gametophyte
(d) sporophytes stay for a longer duration.

(2) Find the true statement about bryophytes:
(a) they have chloroplasts
(b) they have archegonia
(c) they are thalloid
(d) all of the above.

(3) Among the following which is not characteristics feature of bryophyte:
(a) Motile sperms
(b) Presence of archegonium
(c) Water essential for fertilization
(d) Independent sporophyte

(4) Bryophytes differ from pteridophytes in:
(a) Swimming antherozoids
(b) An independent gametophyte
(c) Archegonia
(d) Lack of vascular tissue

(5) In bryophytes, antherozoids are-
(a) Biflagellate
(b) Multiflagellate
(c) Sometimes biflagellate and sometimes multiflagellate.
(d) Biflagellate in a few species and multiflagellate in the rest.

The conifer forests of the world cover huge areas of land and provide the largest terrestrial carbon sink. Conifers are also valued economically; their softwood is used for the production of timber, they are used to cultivate pine nuts, and the berries of the juniper bush are used to flavour gin. As in all other vascular plants, gymnosperms have a sporophyte dominant life cycle (the sporophyte is the diploid multicellular stage, which comprises the body of the plant, i.e., a leafy tree).The gametophyte phase is relatively short, and sees gametes produced on the reproductive organs.

(1) For a plant species to be 'dioecious', it must:
(a) Reproduce asexually
(b) Have both male and female organs
(c) Have separate male and female individuals
(d) Not reproduce

(2) Which division of the gymnosperms is most commonly used to create paper?
(a) Conifers  (b) Cycads  (c) Gnetophyta  (d) Gingkophyta(3) What role does the cone have in the gymnosperm life cycle?
(a) It is the seed
(b) It is the male gametophyte
(c) It is the reproductive body
(d) It feeds the embryo

(4) Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditions because of
(a) broad hardy leaves.
(b) superficial stomata.
(c) thick cuticle
(d) presence of vessel(5) Cycas and Adiantum resemble each other in having:
(a) seeds  (b) motile sperms  (c) cambium  (d) vessels

Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.

Differentiate between the following:-
Red algae and brown algae

Match the following

	Column I		Column II
a.	Chlamydomonas	i.	Moss
b.	Cycas	ii.	Pteridophyte
c.	Selaginella	iii.	Algae
d.	Sphagnum	iv.	Gymnosperm

What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.

Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.