Question 11 Mark
Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
Answer
View full question & answer→Darwin's finches of the Galapagos islands had common ancestors but now have different types of modified beaks according to their food habits.
Questions
1 Marks Question
Take a timed test
138 questions · self-marked practice — reveal the answer and mark yourself.
Question 21 Mark
Attempt giving a clear definition of the term species.
Answer
View full question & answer→Species can be defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile off springs.
Question 31 Mark
Why are analogous structures a result of convergent evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Analogous structures are not anatomically similar/do not have common ancestors and evolving for similar function in the same habitat.
Question 41 Mark
State two postulates of Oparin and Haldane with reference to origin of life.
Answer
View full question & answer→- First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules/RNA & Protein.
- Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution/formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
Question 51 Mark
Write the probable differences in eating habits of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis did not eat meat/vegetarian.
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
Question 61 Mark
How many chromosomes do drones of honeybee possess? Name the type of cell division involved in the production of sperms by them.
Answer
View full question & answer→16, Mitosis.
Question 71 Mark
State Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle.
Answer
View full question & answer→Two closely related species competing for same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated).
Question 81 Mark
Comment on the similarity between the wing of a cockroach and the wing of a bird. What do you infer from the above, with reference to evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Similar in function/analogous organs, convergent evolution.
Question 91 Mark
Name the common ancestor of the great apes and man.
Answer
View full question & answer→Dryopithecus/Ramapithecus.
Question 101 Mark
According to Hardy – Weinberg’s principle the allele frequency of a population remains constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
Answer
View full question & answer→It indicates gene migration/gene flow/genetic drift/mutation/genetic recombination/natural selection leading to evolution.
Question 111 Mark
Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.
Answer
View full question & answer→Forelimbs of horse/cow/dpg/cat.
Wings of bird/bat.
Flippers of dolphins/whale/seal.
Question 121 Mark
What is "fitness of an individual" according to Darwin?
Answer
View full question & answer→Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.
Question 131 Mark
What role does an individual organism play as per Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
Answer
View full question & answer→Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.
Question 141 Mark
According to de-Vries what is saltation?
Answer
View full question & answer→Single step (large) mutation.
Question 151 Mark
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialisation period in England.
Answer
View full question & answer→Natural selection/survival of fittest/escaped predators due to camouflage.
Question 161 Mark
Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Similar infunction(fly)/different in structure and origin/analogous organs, convergent evolution.
Question 171 Mark
Name the scientist who disproved spontaneous generation theory.
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur.
Question 181 Mark
Mention two functions of the codon AUG.
Answer
View full question & answer→Initiator Codon, codes for Methionine.
Question 191 Mark
Mention the type of evolution that has brought the similarity as seen in potato tuber and sweet potato.
Answer
View full question & answer→Convergent evolution.
Question 201 Mark
What causes speciation according to Hugo de Vries?
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation (s)/large (heritable) differences arising suddenly in a population/Saltation (single step large mutation).
Question 211 Mark
Write the names of the following:
- A 15 mya primate that was ape-like.
- A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands.
Answer
View full question & answer→- About 15 million, primates called Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
- About 2 million, Australopithecines lived in East African grasslands.
Question 221 Mark
State the two principal outcomes of the experiments conducted by Louis Pasteur on origin of life.
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that:
- Life comes only from pre-existing life.
- In pre-sterilized flasks, life did not come from killed yeast while in another flask open to the air, new organisms arose from killed yeast.
Question 231 Mark
What are the key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Two key concepts of Darwinism are:
- Branching descent.
- Natural selection.
Question 241 Mark
Name the theory by which earth is said to originate.
Answer
View full question & answer→The Big Bang theory.
Question 251 Mark
Hugo de Vries gave the mutation theory. Name the plant he worked on.
Answer
View full question & answer→Primrose plant (Oenothera lamarckiana).
Question 261 Mark
Answer
View full question & answer→- Australopithecines evolved in East African Grasslands.
- Homo erectus.
Question 271 Mark
A monkey can hold object by its hand elephant by its trunk. State whether in are analogous or homologous.
Answer
View full question & answer→Analogous as these are functionally similar but anatomically different.
Question 281 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Human hands, Wings of butterfly, Wings of bat, Wings of birds.
Human hands, Wings of butterfly, Wings of bat, Wings of birds.
Answer
View full question & answer→Wings of butterfly.
Question 291 Mark
Define genetic drift.
Answer
View full question & answer→A sudden change in gene frequency by chance alone rather than by natural selection is called genetic drift.
Question 301 Mark
Who gave the first experimental proof for chemical evolution of life?
Answer
View full question & answer→Stanley Miller and Harold Urey.
Question 311 Mark
Name the ancestor of bryophytes.
Answer
View full question & answer→Chlorophyta.
Question 321 Mark
Give a biological term for single step large mutation.
Answer
View full question & answer→Saltation.
Question 331 Mark
Name the immediate reptilian (extinct) ancestor of mammals.
Answer
View full question & answer→Therapsid.
Question 341 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Carboniferous, Triassic, Devonian, Permian.
Carboniferous, Triassic, Devonian, Permian.
Answer
View full question & answer→Triassic.
Question 351 Mark
What is gene migration?
Answer
View full question & answer→When a section of population migrates, it results in addition of new genes or alleles to one population and their loss to another population. This is called gene migration.
Question 361 Mark
Define evolutionary biology.
Answer
View full question & answer→The study of history of life is called evolutionary biology.
Question 371 Mark
If the frequency of one allele is 'p' and for another, it is 'q' for one gene, what will be the formula to calculate allele frequency in future generations according to Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium?
Answer
View full question & answer→(p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Question 381 Mark
Did aquatic life fossilised? If yes, where do we come across such fossils?
Answer
View full question & answer→Yes, the ancestors are lobefins which are living fossils.
Question 391 Mark
By what Latin name the first hominid was known?
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis.
Question 401 Mark
What is adaptive radiation?
Answer
View full question & answer→Development of different functional structures from a common ancestral form is called adaptive radiation.
Question 411 Mark
How do we compute the age of a rock?
Answer
View full question & answer→Age of rock is computed by radioacarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, uranium-lead dating and rubidium-strontium dating method.
Question 421 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Bobcat, Wolf, Anteater, Spotted cuscus.
Bobcat, Wolf, Anteater, Spotted cuscus.
Answer
View full question & answer→Spotted cuscus.
Question 431 Mark
Name the placental mammals corresponding to the Australian 'spotted cuscus' and Tasmanian 'tiger cat', which have evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
Answer
View full question & answer→Lemur and Bobcat.
Question 441 Mark
Name the two forms of extinct reptiles that evolved from synapsids.
Answer
View full question & answer→Pelycosaurs and Therapsids.
Question 451 Mark
What technical term is given to the fish-like reptiles?
Answer
View full question & answer→Ichthyosaurs.
Question 461 Mark
Pick out the ancestral line of Angiosperms from the list: Conifers, Seed ferns, Cycads, Ferns.
Answer
View full question & answer→Seed ferns.
Question 471 Mark
Among the five factors that are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, three factors are gene flow, genetic drift and genetic recombination. What are the other two factors?
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation and Natural Selection are the other two factors.
Question 481 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Branching descent, Natural selection.
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Branching descent, Natural selection.
Answer
View full question & answer→Lamarckism.
Question 491 Mark
The theory of spontaneous generation was dismissed by whom and why?
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur rejected the theory of spontaneous generation and stated that life originates from pre-existing life.
Question 501 Mark
According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, the allele frequency of a population remains constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
Answer
View full question & answer→The change in frequency of alleles indicates evolutionary change.
Question 511 Mark
In which form/ forms did Urey-Miller supply energy in their experiment?
Answer
View full question & answer→The energy was in the form of electric discharges from electrodes.
Question 521 Mark
How does a population become 'founders' of a new species?
Answer
View full question & answer→When the change in allele frequency is so different that the new sample of population becomes a different species, the original drifted population becomes founders to cause founder effect.
Question 531 Mark
Complete the statement given below by filling the blank. is considered as a connecting link between the reptiles and birds.
Answer
View full question & answer→Complete the statement given below by filling the blank. Archaeopteryx is considered as a connecting link between the reptiles and birds.
Question 541 Mark
Name the ancestor of Homo habilis.
Answer
View full question & answer→Australopithecus.
Question 551 Mark
Who among the Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus was more man-like?
Answer
View full question & answer→Ramapithecus was more man-like.
Question 561 Mark
Identify the period which is called age of reptiles.
Answer
View full question & answer→Jurassic period.
Question 571 Mark
How can you suggest that biochemistry gives evidence for organic evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→In the same species or group of organisms, similar type of proteins are found, thus supporting organic evolution.
Question 581 Mark
Name any two vertebrate's body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs (hands).
Answer
View full question & answer→Flippers of whales and forelimbs of cheetah.
Question 591 Mark
Coelacanth that was caught in 1938 in South Africa, was very significant in the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Why?
Answer
View full question & answer→Coelacanth, a fish was caught in 1938 in South Africa, which was thought to be extinct. These were lobefins, fish-like animals with stout and strong fins, that lived both in water as well as on land. Their discovery was significant as they proved that amphibians have evolved from fish-like organisms. Lobefins are the ancestors of modern day frogs and salamanders.
Question 601 Mark
Name the placental mammals corresponding to the Australian spotted cuscus and Tasmanian tiger cat, which have evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
Answer
View full question & answer→Australian spotted cuscus-Lemur. Tasmanian tiger cat-Bob cat.
Question 611 Mark
Theory of special creation was promoted by which scientist?
Answer
View full question & answer→Lazzaro Spallanzani.
Question 621 Mark
Where did life appear first?
Answer
View full question & answer→Life appeared for the first time in sea.
Question 631 Mark
Name the descendants of seed fern.
Answer
View full question & answer→Cycad and dicots.
Question 641 Mark
Who proposed that life comes only from pre-existing life?
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur.
Question 651 Mark
Apart from homologous and analogous organs, which other organs can be used as evidences for organic evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Vestigial organs, e.g. tail bone in human babies.
Question 661 Mark
Mention any one major source of variation in a sexually reproduced offspring.
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation.
Question 671 Mark
What is cosmozoic theory of origin of life?
Answer
View full question & answer→According to this theory, life came from other planets or outer space in the form of units of life called spores.
Question 681 Mark
Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.
Answer
View full question & answer→Wings of birds, flippers of whales, forelimbs of dog cat, wings of bats.
Question 691 Mark
What was the idea of early Greek thinkers about origin of life?
OR
What is Theory of Panspermia?Answer
View full question & answer→According to this theory (of early Greek philosophers) it was believed that units called 'Spores' or 'pansperms came on the earth along with meteorites and they must have evolved into the various life forms.
Question 701 Mark
What is Archaeopteryx? What is its significance in evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Archaeopteryx was the first flying reptile (dinosaur). It is considered as a connecting link between reptile and bird.
Question 711 Mark
What do you mean by adaptive radiation?
Answer
View full question & answer→It is the evolutionary process in which different species starting from a common point in a geographical area radiate to other geographical areas.
Question 721 Mark
What are fossils?
Answer
View full question & answer→Fossils are the remnants and/ or impressions of the life-forms that lived in the remote past.
Question 731 Mark
What is the basis of origin of variations in organisms as described by Hugo de Vries?
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation.
Question 741 Mark
Mention the conditions on earth that favoured origin of life.
Answer
View full question & answer→The conditions of primitive earth that favoured origin of life are:
- Reducing atmosphere.
- Very high temperature.
- Volcanic storms.
Question 751 Mark
What were the first mammals like?
Answer
View full question & answer→The first mammals were like shrews.
Question 761 Mark
What is saltation according to De-Vries?
Answer
View full question & answer→Saltation refers to single-step large mutation that results in speciation.
Question 771 Mark
What is founder effect?
Answer
View full question & answer→Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample of population that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founder and the effect is called founder effect.
Question 781 Mark
What were the characteristics of life forms that had been fossilised?
Answer
View full question & answer→Fossilised life forms had some hard parts which could be preserved between layers of rocks.
Question 791 Mark
What is Big Bang theory?
Answer
View full question & answer→Big Bang theory states that our earth originated as a result of cataclysmic evolution.
Question 801 Mark
When we say "survival of the fittest", does it mean that:
- Those which are fit only survive, or.
- Those that survive are called fit.
Answer
View full question & answer→Those individuals which survive and reproduce in their respective environment are called fit.
Question 811 Mark
Write down the consequence of absence of genetic variations among individual of a population.
Answer
View full question & answer→There will be no organic evolution will occur in such a population.
Question 821 Mark
What is Evolutionary Biology?
Answer
View full question & answer→Evolutionary Biology is the study of history of life forms on earth.
Question 831 Mark
Where will you find the most ancient and recent fossil in rocks?
Answer
View full question & answer→Greenland rocks.
Question 841 Mark
Name two animals that have evolved along with Tasmanian wolf in the Australian continent.
Answer
View full question & answer→Sugar glider/ Bandicoot/ Koala/ Numbat/ Wombat/ Kangaroo/ Marsupial rat/ Marsupial mole.
Question 851 Mark
Give the scientific term of first human-like ancestor.
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis.
Question 861 Mark
What is fossil?
Answer
View full question & answer→Fossils are the remains or impressions of ancient organisms preserved in sedimentary rocks or other media.
Question 871 Mark
What is Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Answer
View full question & answer→It is the principle which states that gene frequency in a population remains stable and constant from generation to generation.
Question 881 Mark
What are the major divisions of history of earth?
Answer
View full question & answer→Eras, period and epoch.
Question 891 Mark
Name the placental mammals corresponding to the Australian 'Spotted cuscus' and 'Tasmanian tiger cat', which have evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
Answer
View full question & answer→Spotted cuscus - Lemur
Tasmanian tiger cat - Bobcat
Tasmanian tiger cat - Bobcat
Question 901 Mark
Name the scientist who also came to similar conclusion as Darwin. Where did he work?
Answer
View full question & answer→Alfred Wallace. He worked in Malay Archepelago.
Question 911 Mark
Name any two extinct forms of life.
Answer
View full question & answer→Dinosaurs, dodo, quagga.
Question 921 Mark
What is divergent evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→It is the evolutionary process by which same structures developed differently due to different needs.
Question 931 Mark
Name the type of evolution that has resulted in the development of structures like wings of butterfly and bird. What are such structures called?
Answer
View full question & answer→Convergent evolution. They are called analogous organs/ structures.
Question 941 Mark
Name the period of geological history when lycopod flourished.
Answer
View full question & answer→Jurassic period of mesozoic era.
Question 951 Mark
What do you mean by theory of spontaneous generation?
Answer
View full question & answer→According to this theory living organisms arose from decaying and rotting matter.
Question 961 Mark
Name the earliest fossil of pre-historic man.
Answer
View full question & answer→Ramapithecus.
Question 971 Mark
Define homology.
Answer
View full question & answer→It refers to the similarity of structural design, anatomy and embryology of organs of different groups of plants and animals.
Question 981 Mark
The first cellular life form originated when and where?
Answer
View full question & answer→2000 million years ago, in aquatic environment.
Question 991 Mark
Name the scientist who also came to similar conclusion as Darwin.
Answer
View full question & answer→Alfred Wallace.
Question 1001 Mark
What do you mean by panspermia?
Answer
View full question & answer→Panspermia refers to spores.
Question 1011 Mark
What do you mean by biogenesis?
Answer
View full question & answer→Biogenesis states that life originates from pre-existing life.
Question 1021 Mark
Give the scientific term to the fish-like reptiles.
Answer
View full question & answer→Ichthyosaurs.
Question 1031 Mark
What is the significance of Lederberg experiment?
Answer
View full question & answer→It demonstrates that pre-existing gene mutation is the basis of adaptation.
Question 1041 Mark
What is paleontology?
Answer
View full question & answer→The systematic and scientific study of fossils is called paleontology.
Question 1051 Mark
How can you say lobefins were ancestors of evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Lobefins were ancestors of evolution as their discovery evolved amphibians and fish-like organisms.
Question 1061 Mark
What causes speciation according to Hugo de Vries?
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation.
Question 1071 Mark
What are the end products of the experiment by Miller?
Answer
View full question & answer→Amino acids.
Question 1081 Mark
Mention what caused evolution according to de Vries.
Answer
View full question & answer→According to de-Vries, single step large mutation (saltation) caused evolution.
Question 1091 Mark
What do you mean by parallel evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→When two species which are closely related show convergent evolution, it is called parallel evolution.
Question 1101 Mark
What is evolution according to Hardy-Weinberg?
Answer
View full question & answer→According to Hardy-Weinberg, the disturbance in genetic equilibrium is the result of evolution.
Question 1111 Mark
Among Ramapithecus, Australopithecines and Homo habilis - who probably did not eat meat?
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis.
Question 1121 Mark
Name the first organism that invaded land.
Answer
View full question & answer→Plants.
Question 1131 Mark
Which theory is also referred as chemical theory or naturalistic theory?
Answer
View full question & answer→Oparin-Haldane theory.
Question 1141 Mark
In which geological time period did bryophytes appear on earth?
Answer
View full question & answer→Carboniferous period of paleozoic era.
Question 1151 Mark
When did the jawless fish evolve?
Answer
View full question & answer→Jawless fish evolved around 350 mya.
Question 1161 Mark
In which era of geological time scale mammals dominated the scene?
Answer
View full question & answer→Miocene epoch of Coenozoic era.
Question 1171 Mark
What was the unique event in the history of universe?
Answer
View full question & answer→Origin of life is considered a unique event in history of universe.
Question 1181 Mark
Among Ramapithecus, Australopithecous and Homo habilis, who probably did not eat meat?
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis.
Question 1191 Mark
Who provided experimental support for Haldane-Oparin Hypothesis?
Answer
View full question & answer→Stanley Miller and Urey.
Question 1201 Mark
When did first cellular form of life appear?
Answer
View full question & answer→2000 million years ago.
Question 1211 Mark
How do we compute the age of a fossil?
Answer
View full question & answer→By radiocarbon dating.
Question 1221 Mark
Why are lichens regarded as pollution indicators?
Answer
View full question & answer→Since, they do not grow in areas that are polluted, lichens are regarded as pollution indicators.
Question 1231 Mark
What is the most important pre-condition for adaptive radiation?
Answer
View full question & answer→Pre-existing varations are the most important pre-condition for adaptive radiation.
Question 1241 Mark
The 'origin of species' was given by which scientist?
Answer
View full question & answer→Charles Darwin.
Question 1251 Mark
Name the ancestor of modern amphibian.
Answer
View full question & answer→Coelacanth.
Question 1261 Mark
When did bryophytes appeared on the earth?
Answer
View full question & answer→Bryophytes were the first plant to be appeared on earth.
Question 1271 Mark
Who proposed the theory of chemical evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Oparin and Haldane.
Question 1281 Mark
Mention brain capacities of Homo habilis and Neanderthal man.
Answer
View full question & answer→The brain capacity of Homo habilis is 650 - 800 cc and Neanderthal man is 1400 cc.
Question 1291 Mark
Name the common ancestor of great apes and man.
Answer
View full question & answer→Dryopithecus.
Question 1301 Mark
Give the composition of gases in the Miller's experiment. In what form had Miller supplied energy in his experiment?
Answer
View full question & answer→CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapours.
Electric sparks and heat from electric heater.
Electric sparks and heat from electric heater.
Question 1311 Mark
Pick out the ancestral line of cycads from the list given below-
Ferns, herbaceous lycopods, seed ferns and horsetails.
Ferns, herbaceous lycopods, seed ferns and horsetails.
Answer
View full question & answer→Seed ferns.
Question 1321 Mark
Define biogeography.
Answer
View full question & answer→Biogeography refers to the study of distribution of living organisms in different parts of the earth.
Question 1331 Mark
When was the earth supposed to have been formed and when did life appear on the earth?
Answer
View full question & answer→- Earth was supposed to have been formed 4.5 billion years before.
- Life appeared about four billion years ago.
Question 1341 Mark
Mention the key concepts about the mechanism of biological evolution/ speciation according to
- De Vries.
- Darwin.
Answer
View full question & answer→-
De Vries: Mutation (single step large mutation).
-
Darwin: Branching descent and natural selection.
Question 1351 Mark
Life originated from earth’s inorganic atmosphere in past but not today. Suggest two reason.
Answer
View full question & answer→- Presence of free oxygen in present day atmosphere.
- Existence of living organisms.
Question 1361 Mark
List the two characteristics of mutation that help in explaining evolution.
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutations are:
- Random.
- Directionless.
Question 1371 Mark
How many years back were the following developed in human evolution?
- Cave art.
- Agriculture.
Answer
View full question & answer→-
Cave art: 18000 years ago.
-
Agriculture: 10000 years ago.
Question 1381 Mark
What did the first mammal look like.
Answer
View full question & answer→First mammal looked like shrew.