BIOLOGY Case study (4 Marks)

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Intrauterine devices are most widely accepted methods of contraception. These are used by females and are inserted by doctor or nurses in the uterus through vagina. However, these devices are not recommended for those who eventually intend to conceive.

1. How does CuT prevent conception?

1. Cu ions make uterus unsuitable for implantation.
2. Cu ions make cervix hostile to the sperms.
3. Cu ions suppress sperms motility.
4. Cu ions inhibit ovulation.

2. Which of the following IUDs makes uterus unsuitable for implantation?

1. LNG-20.
2. Multiload 375.
3. Cu7.
4. Lippes loop.

3. Identify the correct statement for IUDs.

1. They slowly release synthetic progesterone in the body.
2. They increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
3. They block entry of sperms through the cervix.
4. Both (b) and (c).

4. Select the correct matched pair.

1. Hormone releasing IUD - LNG-20.
2. Non-medicated IUD - Progestasert.
3. Copper releasing IUD - Lippes loop.
4. None of these.

5. Assertion: IUDs can cause excess menstrual bleeding and pain.

Reason: IUDs can perforate uterus.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Over population causes number of family problems. Strategies like birth control methods help to control population explosion. Natural methods of birth control do not involve medications or devices to prevent pregnancy, but rather rely on behavioural practices and/ or making observations about menstrual cycle.

1. Which method helps in contraception by temporary absence of sex?

1. Coitus interruptus.
2. Withdrawal method.
3. Rhythm method.
4. Lactational amenorrhea method.

2. Assertion: The effectiveness of coitus interruptus method is limited.

Reason: Some sperms may pass into vagina before ejaculation.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

3. Why is lactational amenorrhea effective for about 4-5 months after parturition?

1. Ovulation occurs on about the 14^th day of menstruation.
2. Ovulation does not occur during intense lactation.
3. This method inhibits mobility of sperms.
4. Both (b) and (c).

4. Which fact is not the basis of periodic absence method of birth control?

1. Ovum remains alive for about 1-2 days.
2. Ovulation occurs on about 14^th day of menstruation.
3. Sperms survive for about 3 days.
4. Alteration in uterine endometrium.

5. On which days of menstrual cycle should coitus be avoided to prevent fertilisation?

1. 10-17
2. 6-13
3. 1-5
4. 15-28

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Rohan, a 13 year old school student, has been diagnosed with AIDS. He often complains of fever, nausea, headache and lethargy. Doctor advised some drugs to prolong his life.

1. What could be the most likely mode of transmission of disease to Rohan?

1. Artificial insemination.
2. Sexual intercourse with infected partner.
3. Sexual intercourse with infected partner.
4. Use of contaminated blade.

2. Name the drug prescribed for treatment of this disease.

1. Zidovudine.
2. Taxol.
3. Vinblastine.
4. Both (a) and (c).

3. Assertion: AIDS is an incurable STD.

Reason: AIDS virus attacks helper T-lymphocytes.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

4. AIDS cannot be diagnosed by:

1. ELISA.
2. PCR.
3. Western blotting.
4. VDRL.

5. AIDS can be transmitted by:

1. Sharing towels.
2. Kissing.
3. Sharing contaminated needles.
4. All of these.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

A young couple married for 5 years is unable to bear a child in spite of not practicing any birth control method. Upon consultation, doctor advised them an assisted reproductive technology involving transfer of gametes into oviducts.

1. Identify the technique adopted by the couple.

1. ZIFT
2. JUI
3. GIFT
4. ICSI

2. What is the pre-requisite of this technique?

1. Gamete formation should be normal.
2. Fallopian tubes should be normal.
3. Female should have thick endometrial lining.
4. Male should be able to copulate the female.

3. Assertion: GIFT is an in-vitro fertilisation technique.

Reason: In GIFT, gametes are fertilised outside the female body.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

4. The procedure advised to couple involves the transfer of:

1. Fertilised ovum.
2. Embryo with 8 blastomeres.
3. Sperms and unfertilised ovum.
4. Embryo with 16 blastomeres.

5. What is the success rate of this procedure?

1. 30-50%
2. < 20%
3. 80-85%
4. 27-30%

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A 23 year old Sahil has been diagnosed with an infection of reproductive tract caused by bacteria. He complains about burning sensation during urination, pus-containing discharge and pain around genitalia. This infection has incubation period of 2-5 days but can be cured.

1. From which disease is Sahil suffering?

1. Chlamydiasis.
2. Herpes.
3. Gonorrhoea.
4. Syphilis.

2. Which among the following reproductive tract infections is transmitted by bacteria?

1. Trichomoniasis.
2. Chancroid.
3. Genital warts.
4. Both (a) and (b).

3. Which mode of treatment would be useful for Sahil?

1. Cryosurgery.
2. Use of Podophyllum preparation.
3. Use of antibiotic ampicillin.
4. It cannot be treated.

4. What technique was used to diagnose Sahil's disease?

1. Gram staining of discharge and culture.
2. ELISA Test.
3. Antibody detection.
4. Antigen test.

5. Find the odd one out.

1. Treponema pallidum.
2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
3. Haernophilus ducreyi.
4. Trichomonas vaginalis.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

A woman unable to conceive after many years of regular unprotected coitus went to specialised infertility clinic. On complete examination, woman was found to be normal, while male partner was diagnosed with infertility. Male partner is unable to copulate the female. Couple was advised to opt for assisted reproductive technology (ART).

1. Which ART could have been useful for this couple?

1. ZIFT
2. IUT
3. AI
4. GIFT

2. In which of the following infertility issues could this technique be used?

1. Anovulation.
2. Oligospermia.
3. Low fructose content in seminal fluid.
4. All of these.

3. Which among the following techniques is useful to conceive when there is very low sperm count?

1. GIFT
2. Test-tube baby
3. IUT
4. JCSI

4. Assertion: Artificial insemination (AI) is intra-uterine insemination.

Reason: In Al, sperms collected from donor are introduced into the uterus.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3.  Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

5. Success rate of artificial insemination technique is:

1. 20-40%
2. 60-70%
3. 40-50%
4. 5-7%

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Medical termination of pregnancy is termination of pregnancy before the fetus become viable. To reduce the incidence of illegal abortion and consequent maternal mortality, MTP Amendment Act, 2017 was enacted by the government of India. About 40-50 million MTPs are done in a year all over the world.

1. Abortion can be safely done for about ______ weeks of pregnancy.

1. 4
2. 12
3. 8-10
4. 15-18

2. How is MTP helpful in decreasing human population?

1. By aborting normal female fetus.
2. By aborting normal female fetus.
3. By getting rid of unwanted pregnancies.
4. None of these.

3. Select an incorrect statement for MTP.

1. Second trimester abortions are more risky than first trimester.
2. It is being misused to abort normal female fetus.
3. It helps to get rid of unwanted pregnancies.
4. Child detected with congenital heart disease cannot be aborted.

4. MTP was legalised by Government of India in:

1. 1971
2. 1982
3. 1973
4. 1991

5. Assertion: MTPs are safe during first trimester of pregnancy.

Reason: After first trimester, fetus become intimately associated with the maternal tissues.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

A technique known as amniocentesis is used to determine fetal abnormalities. This test chromosomal pattern in amniotic fluid. However, this technique is legally banned now.

1. Identify X and Y in the above given figure.

S. No	X	Y
(a)	Amnion	Chorion
(b)	Uterine wall	Placenta
(c)	Placenta	Uterine wall
(d)	Uterine wall	Amnion

2. What is the function of Z?

1. Z is an amniotic fluid which prevents dessication of an embryo.
2. Z is yolk sac which functions as site of early blood cell formation.
3. Z is amnion, which takes part in placenta formation.
4. None of these

3. Which of the following diseases can not be diagnosed by amniocentesis?

1. Down's syndrome.
2. Sickle cell disease.
3. Jaundice.
4. Cystic fibrosis.

4. Assertion: Amniocentesis is legally banned for sex determination.

Reason: Amniocentesis was being misused for aborting normal female fetus.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

5. Which of these is a non-invasive technique of detecting fetal disorder?

1. Fetoscopy.
2. Chorionic villi sampling.
3. Amniocentesis.
4. Ultrasound imaging.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:

Oral administration of small doses of hormones is contraceptive method used by the females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence called the pills. The oral pills are two types; mini pills and combined pills.

1. Mini pills contain:

1. Estrogen only.
2. Progestin only.
3. Combination of progesterone-estrogen.
4. Inhibin.

2. How do hormonal pills prevent pregnancy?

1. By phagocytosing the sperms.
2. By inhibiting ovulation.
3. By preventing sperms from entering the vagina.
4. All of these.

3. Pill containing non-steroidal preparation, centchroman is:

1. Mala D.
2. Mala N.
3. I-Pill.
4. Saheli.

4. Which among the following is incorrect for oral contraceptives?

1. Oral pills alter the uterine endometrium and make it unsuitable for implantation.
2. Oral pills have to be taken daily for 7 days starting within first five days of menstrual cycle.
3. Oral pills increase the risk of intravascular clotting.
4. Oral pills contain either progestin alone or combination of progestogen and estrogen.

5. Assertion: Mala D, a combined contraceptive pill, have to be taken daily without a break.

Reason: Mala D contains synthetic progesterone and estrogen.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.