Find the area bounded by the curve $y=\sin x$, the ordinate $x=\frac{\pi}{2}$ and the $x$-axis.
Answer
Area of the curve bounded with $x$-axis $ \begin{aligned} & =\int_a^b y d x \\ \text { so required area } & =\int_{\frac{\pi}{2}}^\pi \sin x d x \\ & =(-\cos x)_{\frac{\pi}{2}}^\pi=-\cos \pi+\cos \frac{\pi}{2} \\ & =-(-1)+0=1 \text { square unit. } \end{aligned} $
In the interval $\left[0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right]$, find the area of the region bounded by the curve $y =\cos x$ and the $x$-axis.
Answer
The area of the curve bounded with the $x$-axis $=\int_a^b y d x$ $ \begin{aligned} \text { Hence required area } & =\int_0^{\pi / 2} \cos x d x \\ & =(\sin x)_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}=\sin \frac{\pi}{2}-\sin 0 \\ & =1-0=1 \text { square units. } \end{aligned} $
Find the area of the region bounded by the curve $y=m x, x$-axis and the ordinates $x=0$ and $x=4$.
Answer
The area of the curve bounded with $x$-axis $=\int_a^b y d x$ $ \begin{aligned} \text { Therefore required area } =\int_0^4 m x d x \\ =m \int_0^4 x d x=m\left(\frac{x^2}{2}\right)_0^4 \\ =\frac{m}{2}\left(4^2-0\right)=\frac{16 m}{2} \\ =8 m \text { square units. } \end{aligned} $