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Question 11 Mark
Show that moment of inertia of a solid body of any shape changes with temperature as $\text{I}=\text{I}_0(1+2\alpha\theta),$ where $\text{I}_0$ is the moment of inertia at $0^\circ C$ and a is the coefficient of linear expansion of the solid.
Answer
Given
$\text{I}_0$ = Moment of Inertia at $0^\circ C$
$\alpha =$ Coefficient of linear expansion
To prove, $\text{I}=\text{I}_0=(1+2\alpha\theta)$
Let the temp. change to $\theta$ from $0^\circ C$
$\Delta\text{T}=\theta$
Let $‘R\ ’$ be the radius of Gyration,
Now, $\text{R}'=\text{R}(1+\alpha\theta),$
$\text I_0=\text{MR}^2$ where $M$ is the mass.
Now, $\text{I}'=\text{MR}'^2=\text{MR}^2(1+\alpha\theta)^2\approx=\text{MR}^2(1+2\alpha\theta)$
$[$By binomial expansion or neglecting $\alpha^2\theta^2$ which given a very small value.$]$
so, $\text{I}=\text{I}_0(1+2\alpha\theta)$
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Question 21 Mark
A steel wire of cross$-$sectional area $0.5\ mm^2$ is held between two fixed supports. If the wire is just taut at $20^\circ C,$ determine the tension when the temperature falls to $0^\circ C.$ Coefficient of linear expansion of steel is is $1.2 \times 10^{-5}{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}^{-1}$ and its Young's modulus is $2.0 \times 10^{11}N m^{-2}.$
Answer

$\text{A}=0.5\text{ mm}^2=0.5\times10^{-6}\text{m}^2$
$\text{T}_1=20^\circ\text{C},$
$\text{T}_2=0^\circ\text{C}$
$\alpha_\text{s}=1.2\times10^{-5}\ /^\circ\text{C},$
$\text{Y}=2\times2\times10^{11}\text{N/m}^2$
Decrease in length due to compression $=\text{L}\alpha\Delta\theta\ ...(1)$
$\text{Y}=\frac{\text{stress}}{\text{strain}}=\frac{\text{F}}{\text{A}}\times\frac{\text{L}}{\Delta\text{L}}$
$\Rightarrow\Delta\text{L}=\frac{\text{FL}}{\text{AY}}\ ...(2)$
Tension is developed due to $(1) (2)$
Equating them,
$\text{L}\alpha\Delta\theta=\frac{\text{FL}}{\text{AY}}$
$\Rightarrow\text{F}=\alpha\Delta\theta\text{AY}$
$=1.2\times10^{-5}\times(20-0)\times0.5\times10^{-5}2\times10^{11}=24\text{N}$
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1 Marks Question - Physics STD 12 Science Questions - Vidyadip