Physics Case study (4 Marks)

In a hot engine the hot parts are expanded because of heat, if cold water is poured suddenly then there will be uneven thermal contraction in the parts. This will result in a stress to develop between the various parts of the engine and may let the engine to crack down.

Water possesses an anomalous behaviour. The volume of a given amount of water decreases as it is cooled from room temperature, until its temperature reaches 4°C. Below 4°C, the volume increases, and therefore the density decreases.
When the temperature of the surface of lake falls in winter, the water at the surface becomes denser and sinks. As, the temperature reaches below 4°C, the density of the water at surface becomes less. Thus, it remains at surface and freezes. As, the ice is a bad conductor of heat, it traps the heat present in the lake's water beneath itself. Hence, no further cooling of water takes place once the top layer of the lake is completely covered by ice. Thus the life of the marine animals inside the lake is possible.