Social Science [5 marks Questions]

Duties of a Tehsildar:

1. He hears disputes.
2. He supervises the work of Patwaris.
3. He ensures that records are properly maintained by Patwaris and revenue is collected.
4. He ensures that farmer gets copy of his records.
5. He issues caste certificates to students.
6. Land disputes are also heard by a Tehsildar.

Important needs:

1. Water.
2. Electricity.
3. Road connections.
4. Sanitation.
5. Maintenance of land records.
6. Resolution of conflicts.

Duties of a Patwari:

1. Responsible for a group of villages.
2. Maintains and updates the records of the village.
3. Measures land with a long chain.
4. Organises collection of land revenue.
5. Provides information to government about crops grown in the area.
6. Updating of records is required because of the following:
7. Change in crops.
8. Digging of wells.

A Daughter’s Wish. Father inherited our house from his. Father. And everyone says he’ll leave it to. Brother. But what about me and my mother? To expect a share in my father’s home, Is not very womanly, I am told. But I really want a place of my own, Not dowry of silk and gold.

The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 is a landmark in the way to women empowerment. It came into force on 9thSeptember 2005. The Act removes gender discriminatory provisions in the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 and gives equal rights in inheritance to daughters. This means daughter has the same right over the property as a son. The act states that daughters will have the same rights as sons to reside in or seek partition of the family house. Economically, it can improve women's security by giving them birth right in property. All this shows that daughters and sons are equally important members of the family.

India is divided into small states which are in turn divided into districts. In order to run the administration, the district comprises of adjacent villages and towns. The revenue department manages all work relating to land. The sub-division of the district are called tehsil, taluka, etc. The district collector is the head of the revenue department. Under him come small officers like tehsildar, naib tehsildar who assist him in his work. Below them are the Patwaris who give information about the ownership, area, location, cultivated area and the facilities available. The copy of records can be made available easily to the farmer or landowners, whenever they need them.

Provisions of Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005.

1. Till the amendment women did not have the right to share family’s agricultural land.
2. After the death of father his land was distributed among his sons only.

According to New Law:

1. Sons, daughters and their mother get equal share in the land.
2. The law applies to all the states and union territories.
3. Patwari will transfer the land to all sons, daughters and their mother and record their names in the revenue records.

The Minimum Needs Programme was introduced in the first year of the Fifth Five Year Plan. The objective of the Programme was to set up a network of basic services and facilities of social consumption in all the areas upto nationally-accepted norms, within a particular time-frame. The programme is intended to assist in raising living standards and in reducing the regional disparities in development. The basic needs of the people accredited for this programme are elementary education, adult education, rural health, rural roads, rural electrification, rural housing, environmental improvement of urban slums and nutrition.

1. Visiting agricultural lands and preparing land maps.
2. Maintaining records of land owner, that is, the number of people who own that land.
3. Maintaining records of the crop grown at every harvest and
4. Collecting land revenue, irrigation dues, etc. from the farmers.

1. In this new law, sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the property and land.
2. The same law will apply to all states and union territories of the country.
3. This law will benefit a large number of women.
4. It makes them independent and gives their confident to feel important and gives them a feeling of security.