Science questions in short. [2 marks ]

A cell is the smallest unit of life and is capable of all living functions. All basic functions for the organism survival take place inside cells. They are the building blocks of life. This is the reason why ‘Cells are the basic structural units of living organisms’.

Cell wall provides shape and rigidity to the plant cell. It also provides protection the cell.

In unicellular organisms, the only cell present will have to complete all tasks necessary for survival. Whereas in multicellular organisms, certain cells specialise in their function and divide the labour between multiple different cell groups.

Robert Hooke observed cell by viewing thin slices of cork. He observed that the cork was made up of tiny hollow compartments separated from each other by wall or partition. He gave these compartment the name "cell". Robert Hooke was actually observing dead plant's cell wall and empty spaces.

The other name of a nerve cell is neuron.

Mitochondria is the organelle that provides energy to the cell. It is a tiny oval shaped organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is not found in prokaryotic cells. Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria that generates energy for the cell. Energy is generated in the form of ATP.

In multicellular organisms, there is no relation between size of organism and number of cells. In unicellular organisms, since there is a single cell, the size of the organism will be equally big as the size of the single cell.

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. These are rod like structures made up of condensed chromatin. The genes and DNA which carry the genetic information are found on these chromosomes.

Genes are located on thread-like structures called chromosomes. These are present inside the nucleus. These are units of inheritance in living organisms, that control transfer of hereditary characteristics from parents to offsprings.

Flagella is a whip like structure that allows a cell to move. Flagella is important because it helps in locomotion by allowing microtubules to slide against one another and thereby producing a bending motion. A cell is able to move or swim across the cell surface due to the organization of lagella.

All living beings are made up of cell which is the basic unit of life. Cell carries out all the functions necessary for living beings, like nutrition, excretion, respiration, reproduction and transportation. A Cell also exists independently in unicellular organism and supports life. Thus, cell is called the fundamental unit of life.

Few additional features of plant cell are that they possess cell wall and have chloroplast, which are not found in animal cells. Both, animal and plant cells have nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.

Chloroplast are double membrane structures found only in plants. They are found only in plants because they contain chlorophyll which is required for photosynthesis by plants. Chloroplast is a plastid which is found in plants only and not in animal cells.

The organisms made up of many cells are called multicellular organisms.
Examples: Animal and plant.

Cell is called structural unit because it provides a shape to the body and all the life processes occurs inside the cell, so it is called functional unit of living organisms.

Cells are living. All living beings are made up of cell. It is a membrane covered structure containing all the material needed for life. Cells are the basic unit of life.

No, paramecium cannot attain the shape of Amoeba. Amoeba has no deinite shape, so it can obtain the shape of paramecium since its shape changes as it moves. Paramecium already has a slipper like shape.

Cell without its cell membrane is called Protoplasm. The Cytoplasm and Nucleus taken together make up the protoplasm.

Amoeba cell and White Blood Cell both are eukarytic cell because they have well defined nucleus with a nuclear membrane.

The cell organelle is chloroplast and chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for green colour of leaves. It is because of this pigment that sunlight (energy) is captured by plant and photosynthesis takes place.

Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus. The nucleus contains chromosomes and is surrounded by nuclear membrane. Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cell. Yeast, paramecia, amoeba are also examples of eukaryotes.

The green coloured plastid essential for plants is chloroplast. These plastids are double membrane structures found only in plants. Chloroplast is essential for plant since it contains chlorophyll which is required for photosynthesis by plants.

Most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm. It is a jelly-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane. It consists of all the organelles that carry out speciic functions and all the chemical reactions take place here in cytoplasm.

The various parts of the cell are colorless and hence, difficult to distinguish. So, various stains are used to colour the parts of the cell to study the detailed structure through a microscope. The dyes (stains) which are used in the study of cell structure are methylene blue, dilute iodine solution, etc.

Yes, one cell performs all life activities in unicellular organisms. Unicellular organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryote) are made up of just one cell and all the things needed for the survival of the organism takes place in that one cell. Thus, one cell carries out all the functions in unicellular organisms.

Prokaryotes have nuclear material without nuclear membrane whereas eukaryotes have well organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane.

The organisms made up of single cell are called unicellular organisms. Examples- Amoeba, Paramecium.

Gene is a unit of inheritance in living organisms. It controls the transfer of a hereditary characteristic from parents to offspring. Genes are located on chromosomes.

Nerve cells (neurons) are long, branched and have thread-like projections so that they can connect other nerves cells and transmit messages over long distance.

Amoeba and Paramecium are unicellular prokaryotic organisms, i.e. they are made up of a single cell and their nucleus is not well defined. No cell organelle is present.