[2 Mark Questions]

Question 12 Marks

Name two radioactive elements that are not found in observable quantities why is it so?

Answer

Tritium and Plutonium are two radioactive elements that are not found in observable quantities in the universe.
It is because half-life period of each of two elements is very short compared to the age of the universe.

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Question 22 Marks

Why are the control rods made of cadmium?

Answer

Cadmium has high cross – section for the absorption of neutrons.

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Question 32 Marks

Is there any difference between electron and a beta particle.

Answer

Basically, there is no difference between an electron and a beta particle. β particle is the name given to an electron emitted from the nucleus.

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Question 42 Marks

Why is neutron so effective as bombarding particle?

Answer

A neutron carries no charge. It easily penetrates even a heavy nucleus without being repelled or attracted by nucleus and electrons. So it serves as an ideal projectile for starting a nuclear reaction.

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Question 52 Marks

The number of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ particles emitted in the nuclear reaction ${ }_{90} Th ^{228} \longrightarrow{ }_{83} Bi ^{12}$ are respectively.

Answer

${ }_{90} Th ^{228} \stackrel{4 \alpha}{\longrightarrow}{ }_{82} Xi ^{212}+x \times He ^4$
${ }_{82} X ^{212} \stackrel{\beta}{\longrightarrow}{ }_{83} Bi ^{212}+y_{-1} e ^0$
Number of $\alpha$ decay, $x=4$
Number of $\beta$ decay, $y=1$.

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Question 62 Marks

The element with atomic number $84$ and mass number $218$ change to another element with atomic number $84$ and mass number $214.$ The number of α and β particles emitted are respectively?

Answer

${ }_{84} X ^{218} \stackrel{\alpha \text { decay }}{\longrightarrow}{ }_{82} Y ^{214}+x_2 He ^4$
${ }_{82} Y ^{214} \stackrel{2 \beta}{\longrightarrow}{ }_{84} Y ^{214}+y_2 e ^0$
Number of alpha decay, $x=1$
Number of beta decay, $y=2$.

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Question 72 Marks

${ }_{92} U^{238}$ emits $8 \alpha$ particles and $6 \beta$ particles. What is the neutron / proton ratio in the product nucleus?

Answer

$
{ }_{92} U ^{238} \stackrel{-8 \alpha}{\longrightarrow}{ }_{76} X ^{206}+8{ }_2 He ^4 \text { (8 } \alpha \text { decay) }
$
The result of $\alpha$ decay SamacheerKalvi.Guru
$
\begin{aligned}
{ }_{76} X ^{206} \stackrel{-6 \beta}{\longrightarrow}{ }_{82} Y ^{206}+6_{-6} e ^0(6 \beta \text { decay }) \\
\text { Number of proton }=82 \\
\text { Number of neutron }=124 \\
\text { The ratio in the product nucleus }=\frac{124}{82} \\
\frac{\text { neutron }}{\text { proton }}=\frac{62}{41}
\end{aligned}
$

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