Science [1 Mark Questions]

Certain substances which are so hygroscopic, when exposed to the atmospheric air at ordinary temperatures, absorb enough water and get completely dissolved. Such substances are called deliquescent substances and this property is called deliquescence.

Certain substances, when exposed to the atmospheric air at ordinary temperature, absorb moisture without changing their physical state. Such substances are called hygroscopic substances and this property is called hygroscopy.

The number of water molecules found in the crystalline substance is called water of crystallization.

To quantify the solute in a solution, we can use the term concentration. The concentration of a solution may be defined as the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution or solvent.
(or)
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution at a definite temperature.

Two solutions having the same solute and solvent, the one which contains a higher amount of solute per the given amount of solvent is said to be concentrated solution and the other is said to be dilute solution.

1. Unsaturated
2. Saturated
3. Saturated
4. Non-aqueous solution

Solutions which contain three components are called ternary solutions.
E.g. If salt and sugar are added to water, both dissolves in water forming a solution. Here two solutes are dissolved in one solvent. Therefore it is a ternary solution.

Common salt is an electrolyte. It is easily dissociated into its ions like Na+ and Cl– in polar solvent water. So NaCl (common salt) an inorganic compound readily dissolves in water.

Most of the solutes (substances) are soluble in water and so it is called universal solvent.

(i) Saturated : A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of the solvent at a given temperature.
(ii) Super saturated solution : A solution which contains more solute than the saturated solution at a given temperature.

In a solution, the component present in a lesser amount by weight is called solute and the component present in a large amount by weight is called solvent.

The solubility of a gas in liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution at a definite temperature.