BIO BOTANY [ 2 Marks Questions ]

Chipko movement.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface. Also to manipulate, analyse, manage and present spacial or geographic data.

Any species found restricted to a specified geographical area is referred to as ENDEMIC.

Chipko Movement and Appiko Movement

In-situ conservation:

1. Conservation of species in their natural habitat.
2. E.g: Biosphere reserves

Ex-situ conservation:

1. Conservation of species outside their natural habitat.
2. E.g: Zoological parks

Invasive species are fast growing and are more adapted. They alter the soil system by changing litter quality thereby affecting the soil community, soil fauna and the ecosystem processes. It has a negative impact on decomposition in the soils by causing stress to the neighbouring native species.

A non-native species to the ecosystem or country under consideration that spreads naturally, interferes with the biology and existence of native species, poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and causes economic loss

Social forestry refers to the management of forests and afforestation on barren lands with the purpose of helping the environmental, social and rural development and benefits.

The production of woody plants combined with pasture is referred to silvopasture system. The trees and shrubs may be used primarily to produce fodder for livestock or they may be grown for timber, fuel wood and fruit or to improve the soil.

Agroforestry is an integration of trees, crops and livestock on the name plot of land. The commercial Agroforestry trees are casuarina and Eucalyptus.

The International treaty called the Montreal Protocol (1987) was held in Canada on substances that deplete ozone layer and the main goal of it is gradually eliminating the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances and to limit their damage on the Earth’s ozone layer.

The decline in the thickness of the ozone layer over restricted area is called Ozone hole. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) damages the ozone layer to a great extent.

Ozone layer is a region of Earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sim’s ultra violet radiation. The ozone layer is also called as the ozone shield and it acts as a protective shield, cutting the ultra-violet radiation emitted by the sun.

Dobson Unit is the unit of measurement for total ozone. One DU is the number of molecules of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 0.01 millimetre thick at a temperature of 0° C and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.

Man-made sources include nylon and nitric acid production, use of fertilizers in agriculture, manures cars with catalytic converter and burning of organic matter.

Paddy field, fossil fuel production, bacteria in water bodies, cattle rearing, non-wetland soils and forest & wild fires.

The increase in mean global temperature due to increased concentration of green house gases is called global warming.