Social Science Question(1 Marks)

On the basis of origin, resources are classified into-

1. Biotic Resources.
2. Abiotic Resources.

On the basis of origin:
Biotic Resources: These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of nonliving things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals.

Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry, and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industries generates heavy amount of dust and releases it in the atmosphere. It later on settles down in the surrounding areas, affecting infiltration of water and crop cultivation.

Water is very important for the growth of plants but excessive irrigation of field leads to water logging of soil. Too much water is harmful for crop production because too much water in the soil inhibits the process of germination of seeds. It due to the reason that under these conditions the seeds do not get sufficient air to respire, the seeds do not get sufficient air to respire.
You must have seen that potted plants do not grow well if they are given excess water. This is due to the reason that excess water affects soil aeration and hence plants roots do not grow properly. Thus, Overirrigation is a big problem.

The oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles from the coastline is known as territorial waters of a country.

The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.

Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases the top soil is washed away. This is known as sheet erosion.

In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International Earth Summit.

These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first shower or during the pre-monsoon period.

Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.

The newer younger deposits of the floodplains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensive agriculture.

Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.

Net sown area is the total area sown with crops and orchards. It represents an area in which total crops are grown only once in a year.

Soils are classified on the basis of:

1. Colour.
2. Thickness.
3. Texture.
4. Age.
5. Chemical and physical properties.

These soils are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.

Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline and can be productive after proper treatment and irrigation.

The lands which are not in use neither in construction nor in agriculture are referred to as waste lands.

On the basis of their origin, resources can be classified into biotic and abiotic resources.

The removal of top fertile soil cover is known as soil erosion.

In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.

They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and extend in the south east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.

There are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India.

The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels. These channels are known as gullies.

• Physical factors: Topography, climate and soil types.
• Human factors: Population density, technological capability and culture and tradition, etc.

On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified into renewable and non-renewable resources.

An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace.

Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.

These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.

In the snow covered areas of Himalayas, these soils experience denudation and are acidic with low humus content.

In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.

Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing.

Solar energy and wind energy.

1. Global warming.
2. Ozone layer depletion.

Minerals and fossil fuels are non-renewable resources.

1. It is the medium of plant growth.
2. It is a living system that supports different types of organisms on the carth.

Black soil or regur soil is found in the Deccan Plateau in India. It is a soil formed by the flow of lava. These soils have a rich black colour due to the abundance of lime, iron, magnesium, aluminium, and potassium.

Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it, has resulted in land degradation.

These soils are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.

Abiotic resources are made of non living things. Examples-rocks and metals.

On the basis of their ownership, resources can be classified into individual, community, national and international resources.

Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes.

The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.

Net sown area is the total area sown with crops and orchards. It represents an area in which total crops are grown only once in a year.

Over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation in these states.

Ploughing in a wrong way i.e. up and down the slope form channels for the quick flow of water leading to soil erosion.

Sustainable economic development means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.

1. Resources are vital for human survival.
2. They maintain the quality of life.

Bangar is the old alluvial soil type which is less fertile than Khadar.