MCQ 11 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Spleen can be thought of as an immunologic conference centre.
Reason: Spleen helps only in digestion.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
View full question & answer→MCQ 21 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Proto$-$oncogenes are cellular genes required for normal growth.
Reason: Under normal conditions, they could lead to the oncogenic transformation of the cell.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Proto$-$oncogenes are cellular genes required for normal growth. If they are muted or overexpressed, they may become oncogenes that contribute to the malignant transformation of the cell.
View full question & answer→MCQ 31 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Smoking causes oxygen deficiency in the body.
Reason: Carbon monoxide, when inhaled while smoking, combines with haemoglobin to form chemically stable compound.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
View full question & answer→MCQ 41 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Skin forms the first tine of defence.
Reason: It is a non$-$specific defence.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
View full question & answer→MCQ 51 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Dendritic cells originate in the bone marrow.
Reason: Dendritic cells are found in neuron.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Dendritic cells are immune cells and form part of the immune system. They are present in those tissues which are in contact with the environment; in the skin $($where they are often called Langerhans cells$)$ and the lining of nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They have long spiky arms, called dendrites, hence the name. $($Neurons also have dendrites, but dendritic cells have nothing to do with neurons$).$
View full question & answer→MCQ 61 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Inflammatory response is produced in the body after some infections.
Reason: This is one type of defence mechanism.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Infection or tissue injury often results in redness and swelling, along with pain and production of heat that may result in fever. Such manifestation is localized and, is known as inflammatory response. This response occurs due to release of chemical signals, alarm signals, notably histamine and prostaglandins,by the damaged mast cells. There is a leakage of vascular fluid, which contains serum proteins with antibacterial activity. Further, there is an influx of phagocytic cells into the affected area. These responses inhibit and destroy the invading microorganisms. Thus, inflammatory response is said to be a defence mechanism.
View full question & answer→MCQ 71 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Psychotropic drugs affect behaviour and mental activities
Reason: Tranquillizer, a psychotropic drug, decrease tension and anxiety.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Psychotropic drugs either induce sleep or produce calming effect. These drugs inhibit the mental activity for sometime depending upon the amount of drug consumed by the person. A drug which reduces mental tension and produce calmness without inducing sleep or depressing mental$-$faculties is generally called tranquillizer.
View full question & answer→MCQ 81 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen elicits a highly intensified anamnestic response.
Reason: This is based on the fact that our body appears to have memory of the first encounter.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
View full question & answer→MCQ 91 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Some diseases that attack in childhood do not attack again.
Reason: Memory cells plays an important role.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
This can be explained in terms of memory cells. After the infection disappears as a result of antigen$-$antibody interaction and killer $T-$cell$-$nonself cell interaction, some of the specific lymphocytes remain in lymphatic tissue as "memory or primed cells" which are ready to produce the antibodies and killer cells if the same antigens reappear. That is why the second attack of the infectious disease elicits quick and abundant antibody formation. The memory cells can give rise to more effector cells and memory cells in case of a second attack of antigens. Whereas the effector cells have a life of a few days only. and the memory cells live long, some even for whole life. The memory cells are stored in the spleen and lymph nodes.
View full question & answer→MCQ 101 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Allergy is an immunity disorder.
Reason: Allergy is confined to a person only.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Allergy is non$-$infectious unusual reaction or hypersensitivity of an individual to a foreign substance or agent that may be harmless to other individuals $($thus it is considered as immunity disorder$).$ It is non$-$communicable as it is confined to a person only and does not spread from one person to another. The foreign substance or allergen on first contact functions as mild antigen. It produces antibodies which remain attached with the mast cell. Lysis of mast$-$cells occur, which releases histamine as allergy mediator.
View full question & answer→MCQ 111 Mark
FFor two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion :Mucous membrane immobilises the micro$-$organisms in the body
Reason: Microorganisms and dust particles entering the respiratory tract are trapped in the mucus.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Innate immunity is non$-$specific type of defence, that is accomplished by providing different types of barriers to the entry of the foreign agents into our body. Mucus coating of the epithelium lining in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts traps microbes and prevents their entry in our body.
View full question & answer→MCQ 121 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : There is no chance of transmission of malaria to man on the bite of a male Anopheles mosquito.
Reason: It carries a non$-$virulent strain of Plasmodium.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
There is no chance of transmission of malaria to man on the bite of a male Anopheles mosquito. The mouthparts of male mosquito is organised in such a manner that they cannot suck the human blood. They feed mainly on the leaf and fruit juices. Thus spreading malaria through male Anopheles is next to impossible.
View full question & answer→MCQ 131 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Cornea is considered as an immunologically privileged site
Reason: A transplanted cornea is rarely rejected.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Some transplanted tissues do not stimulate an immune response. For example, a transplanted cornea is rarely rejected because lymphocytes do not circulate into the anterior chamber of the eye, thats why this site is considered as immunologically privileged site.
View full question & answer→MCQ 141 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Smack is a by$-$product of heroin synthesis.
Reason: Heroin is an opium alkaloid.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Heroin is diamorphine or diacetylmorphine $-\mathrm{C}_{17} \mathrm{H}_{17}\left(\mathrm{OC}_2 \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}_3\right) 2 \mathrm{NH}$, which is also called smack. Opium is semisynthetic opiate $($opium$-$derivative$)$ which is most dangerous of all the opiates. Heroin is formed from acetylation of morphine.
View full question & answer→MCQ 151 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Immunity means all capacity of human body to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs.
Reason: Spleen is the only organ involved in immunity.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
The principal parts of the immune system are the bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic system, tonsils, and spleen. The lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen act to trap and destroy antigens from the lymph, air, and blood, respectively.
View full question & answer→MCQ 161 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Passive immunity is of short life span.
Reason: Passive immunization is promptly available.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Passive immunity is resistance based on antibodies preformed in another host. Administration of antibody against diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, etc. makes large amounts of antitoxin immediately available to neutralize the toxins. Likewise, preformed antibodies to certain viruses can be injected during the incubation period to limit viral multiplication. The main advantage of passive immunity is the prompt availability of large amounts of antibody $($as it is formed from another host$),$ disadvantages are the short life span of these antibodies and possible hypersensitivity reactions of globulin from another species are used.
View full question & answer→MCQ 171 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion: Immunoglobutin functions as antibody.
Reason: Different inununoglobulins molecules have different antigen binding properties.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Immunoglobulins are a complex hetero $-$ geneous mixture of proteins that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen. It generally assume one of two roles$- (i)$ plasma membrane bound antigen receptors on the surface of $B$ cell, or $(ii)$ as antibodies free in cellular fluids functioning to intercept and eliminate antigenic determinants. It exhibit two fundamental types of structural variation. Subtle structural differences in their antigen combining sites, or variable regions, account for their unique antigen binding specificities. Structural differences outside their antigen combining sites, in the so$-$called constant regions, correlate with the different effector functions mediated by antibodies, such as complement activation or binding to one or more of the antibody $Fe$ receptors expressed on monocytes and granulocytes. The variable and constant regions of antibodies arise from distinct structural domains. Each antibody class is distinguished by certain effector functions and structural features including a unique heavy $(H)$ chain isotype, designated $\alpha (\text{IgA)},\delta (\text{IgD}),\in(\text{IgE}),\gamma(\text{IgG}),\mu(\text{IgM}).$
View full question & answer→MCQ 181 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for causing infectious disease in human beings.
Reason: A healthy person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets$/$aerosols released by an infected person.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
View full question & answer→MCQ 191 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : A cholera patient is given glucose, electrolytes, and water.
Reason: These plasmolyse the disease causing germs.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Cholera is an acute infectious disease which is caused by Vibrio cholerae. The stools and the vomit of a cholera patient are full of cholera germs, and these may get into a healthy person when contaminated food or drink is taken by mouth. Since a large quantity of fluid and salts are rapidly lost through stools and vomit, therefore, the most important treatment is to replace the lost fluid and salts equally rapidly.
View full question & answer→MCQ 201 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria.
Reason: Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site of injury.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: D. Both assertion and reason are false.
View full question & answer→MCQ 211 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Tranquillizers are used to treat schizophrenia.
Reason: Tranquillizers are antipsychosis drugs.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Some tranquillizers are also called antipsychotic drugs $($major tranquillizers$)$ as they have good effect in all types of psychosis $($patients having severe psychiatric illness, schizophrenic patients$)$. They reduce aggressiveness. Thought and behaviour are gradually normalised and anxiety is relieved. Examples of antipsychotic drugs are Phenothiazines, Butyrophenones, Pimozide, Reserpine, etc.
View full question & answer→MCQ 221 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Cancer patients are given chemotherapeutic treatments.
Reason: Chemotherapeutic agents are used to destroy malignant cells.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Chemotherapeutic agents inhibit$/$kill invading parasite$/$malignant cell and have no$/$minimal pharmacodynamic effects on the recipient. Pharmacodynamic agents affect our body's physiology and biochemistry. Chemotherapeutic drugs may be more toxic to cancerous cells than to normal cells.
View full question & answer→MCQ 231 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : It is considered advantageous to give the polio vaccine orally.
Reason: The oral polio vaccine prevents reinfection by causing intestinal immunity.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: A. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
View full question & answer→MCQ 241 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : $\text{SCID}$ is the first genetic disorder to be combated with gene therapy.
Reason : $\text{SCID}$ is a type of allergy.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- B
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: C. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
View full question & answer→MCQ 251 Mark
For two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Brown sugar is morphine$-$derivative
Reason: Morphine is the principal opium alkaloid.
- A
Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- ✓
Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- C
Assertion is true, but reason is false.
- D
Both assertion and reason are false.
AnswerCorrect option: B. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Morphine is a derivative of the opium. It is the principal opium alkaloid and a strong analgesic. Diacetyl morphine hydrochloride is brown sugar$/$ smack and is more powerful analgesic than morphine.
View full question & answer→