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Respiration and Energy Transfer — Biology STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceBiologyRespiration and Energy Transfer5 Marks
Question
$1.$ Give the schematic representation of $\text{ETS.}$
$2.$ Differentiate between respiration and combustion.
✓

Answer

$1. \ NADH_2$ and $FADH_2$ produced during glycolysis, connecting link reaction and Krebs cycle are oxidized with the help of various electron carriers and enzymes.
$2.$These carriers and enzymes are arranged on inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of various complexes as complex $I, II, III, VI$ and $V.$
$3. \ NADH+H^+$ is oxidised by $\text{NADH}$ dehydrogenase $($complex $I)$ and it’s electrons are transferred to ubiquinone $($coenzyme $Q-CoQ)$ present on inner membrane of mitochondria. Reduced ubiquinone is called as ubiqunol.
$4.\ FADH_2$ is oxidised by complex $II ($Succinate dehydrogenase$)$ and these electrons are also transferred to $CoQ.$
$5.$ During oxidation of $NADH^+H^+$ and $FADH_2,$ electrons and protons are released but only electrons are canned forward whereas protons are released into outer chamber of mitochondria $($intermembrane space$).$
$6.$ Ubiquinol is oxidised by complex$-III ($Cytochrome bcl complex$)$ and it’s electrons are transferred to cytochrome $C.$
$7.$Cytochrome $C$ is a small, iron$-$containing protein, loosely associated with inner membrane. It acts as a mobile electron carrier, transferring the electrons between complex $III$ and $IV.$
$8.$ Cytochrome $C$ is oxidised by complex $IV$ or cytochrome $C$ oxidase consisting of cytochrome a and $a_3.$ Electrons are transferred by this complex to the molecular oxygen. This is terminal oxidation.
$9.$ Reduced molecular oxygen reacts with protons to form water molecule called as metabolic water.
$10.$ Protons necessary for this are channelled from outer chamber of mitochondria into inner chamber by $F_0$ part of oxysome $($complex $V)$ present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
$11.$ This proton channelling by $F_0$ is coupled to catalytic site of $F_1$ which catalyses the synthesis of $\text{ATP}$ from $\text{ADP}$ and inorganic phosphate. This is oxidative phosphorylation.
$12.$ As transfer of protons is accompanied with synthesis of $\text{ATP}$, this process is named as ‘Chemiosmosis’ by Peter Mitchell.

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