Question
A capacitor is charged by using a battery which is then disconnected. A dielectric slab is then slipped between the plates, which results in
$\mathrm{c} \rightarrow \mathrm{K C}, \quad \mathrm{E}=\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{C V}^{2}$
$\mathrm{V} \rightarrow \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{K}, \quad \mathrm{E}=\mathrm{E} / \mathrm{K}$
$\mathrm{Q}=\mathrm{CV}=$ constant
$\mathrm{V} \rightarrow$ Decrease, Energy decrease.
$\mathrm{Q} \rightarrow$ Remain constant
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Statement $1 :$ An inventor claims to have constructed an engine that has an efficiency of $30\%$ when operated between the boiling and freezing points of water. This is not possible.
Statement $2:$ The efficiency of a real engine is always less than the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures.