A wire bent in the shape of a regular $n$-polygonal loop carries a steady current $I$. Let $l$ be the perpendicular distance of a given segment and $R$ be the distance of a vertex both from the centre of the loop. The magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of the loop is given by
KVPY 2015, Diffcult
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(a)

$\ln$ an $n$-sided polygon magnetic field due to one of the side at

Centre of loop using Biot-Savart's law is

$B_1=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4 \pi l}\left(\sin \theta_1+\sin \theta_2\right)$

As, there are $n$ sides angle made by one of the side at centre is

$\alpha=\frac{2 \pi}{n}$

So, $\quad \theta_1=\theta_2=\left(\frac{2 \pi}{n}\right) \times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{\pi}{n}$

So, from Eq. (i), we have

$B_1=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4 \pi l}\left(\sin \frac{\pi}{n}+\sin \frac{\pi}{n}\right)=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi l}\left(\sin \frac{\pi}{n}\right)$

At centre field due to all $n$ segments are added up. So, magnetic field at centre due to complete polygon is

$B=n \times B_1=\frac{\mu_{0} n I}{2 \pi l} \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)$

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