| A | B | C |
| (1) Linear pattern | (1) Around central object | (1) Houses are closely spaced |
| (2) Triangular pattern | (2) Along the road | (2) Straight line |
| (3) Circular pattern | (3) Around lake | (3) Three sides growth |
| (4) Radial pattern | (4) Confluence of river | (4) Around centre |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Linear pattern | (1) Along the road | (1) Straight line |
| (2) Triangular pattern | (2) Confluence of river | (2) Three sides growth |
| (3) Circular pattern | (3) Around lake | (3) Houses are closely spaced |
| (4) Radial pattern | (4) Around central object | (4) Around the centre |
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| A | B | C |
| (1) Co-operative sector | (1) Owned by private individual | (1) ONGC |
| (2) MNCs | (2) Only one state | (2) AMUL |
| (3) Private sector | (3) More than one country | (3) BHEL |
| (4) Public sector | (4) Group of people set up | (4) TISCO |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Permanent pasture | (1) Land left fallow for more than 5 years | (1) Privately owned |
| (2) Area under miscellaneous tree crops | (2) Owned by village Panchayat | (2) It can be brought under cultivation |
| (3) Current fallow | (3) Orchards and fruit trees | (3) Common property resource |
| (4) Culturable waste-land | (4) Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year | (4) Cultural practice adopted for giving the land rest |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Asia | (1) 28.50% of the world landmass | (1) 18.09% of the world population |
| (2) Europe | (2) 5.90% of the world landmass | (2) 0.55% of the world population |
| (3) Australia | (3) 6.80% of the world landmass | (3) 4.75% of the world population |
| (4) North and South America | (4) 29.20% of the world landmass | (4) 59.65% of the world population |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Stage 1 | (1) Birth rate is not less than death rate but it is almost the same | (1) China |
| (2) Stage 2 | (2) Birth rates and death rates are also decreasing | (2) USA |
| (3) Stage 3 | (3) Birth rate and death rates are high, population growth is stable | (3) No country in this category |
| (4) Stage 4 | (4) Reduction in death rates and birth rates are constant | (4) Population explosion |
Sejal is the daughter of a businessman. They produce and sell bakery products on a wholesale basis. She has passed her degree in Science. She wants to become an entrepreneur in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) products. Asif is a son of a small hotel owner. He has passed his graduation in Event Management. He wants to start his own company of Event Management.
After graduating with good grades, they decided to help each other and begin their careers. Rohit, Sejal and Asif tried to find out information about haw to start their businesses. They tried to get maximum information regarding their businesses. They wanted to plan, organise and then establish their start¬ups. During this period, they found information regarding their businesses.
Rohit found out that he will have to do major changes in his farmland to grow export-quality products like lily, orchid flowers and fruits like kiwis, dragon fruits, etc. He will have to maintain moisture and temperature in the air. He will also need to use special fertilizers to maintain the soil’s pH value.
He also came to know that he has to take help of the Agricultural officer from the same Taluka. More importantly, he has to take out a licence to establish a business. He also got to know that he will need an account which can be used for foreign transactions. He also got information from where, he would get saplings for the export-quality products. He came to know that, these flowers are in great demand in Gulf countries and they give high returns too. As these countries are within the reach of an hour or two by air, the flowers can remain fresh and retain their quality. He also decided to visit few vendors from these countries to directly setup his business.
Sejal realised that toothpaste is a product which is required daily by the people. Since her background was from Science, she decided to derive an advanced formula which will be good for dental health. She also took help from a cousin brother from the Pharmaceutical industry.
She came to know that she needed the following things to set up the industrial unit:
She was reluctant for this start-up since it required land and a large capital investment. But she felt relieved that due to the Government’s Start-up schemes, she can get subsidised loan. Her father helped her solve her land problem. He had a small piece of land near her town which was sufficient for this purpose. He arranged for other basic amenities like water, electricity, etc. which are required for an industry. He leased out that plot to Sejal.
Asif realised that he mainly needed services and labour for his start-up, which he can arrange by hiring them from various agencies like caterers, florists, hall owners, band players, sound systems, etc. He also understood how to take permission from various competent authorities to arrange various events. He realised that it will be good if he opens up an office to start his business in the market. To advertise his start up, he got a brochure designed and printed visiting cards for marketing his services.
After planning for a year, all the friends started their entrepreneurship in their respective businesses. As their businesses have been established as per their likings; they are enjoying their work. Their businesses are now their passions.
(1)What do you understand by the term competent authorities?
(2)In which types of economic activities are the children in the story engaged?
(3)While being occupied in their type of economic activity, which other activities they interact with?
(4)Classify all the economic activities you come across in the passage.
| A | B | C |
| (1) India | (1) 171 lakh sq. km | (1) 1073 persons per sq. km |
| (2) USA | (2) 105 lakh sq. km | (2) 411 persons per sq. km |
| (3) Bangladesh | (3) 95.3 lakh sq. km | (3) 34 persons per sq. km |
| (4) Russia | (4) 321 lakh sq. km | (4) 8.5 persons per sq. km |
Communities are the basic elements of tourism. It mainly depends upon the level of acceptance shown by local communities. In the process of planning their involvement is essential. The development of tourism creates impact on mainly environment, socio-culture and economy of the host community at any destination. These impacts produce both negative as well as positive impacts. Planning is necessary to reduce the negative impact and boost the positive impact for sustainable development of a destination.
(1)Why does the tourism sector need planning?
(2)What is the importance of communities in planning?
(3)Explain any two benefits of planning.
(4)What factors affect the economy of the host community?
(5)Why planning is a long-term task?
| A | B | C |
| (1) Mountains | (1) Siberia | (1) High density of population |
| (2) Climate | (2) Odd physical conditions | (2) Government promote to shift people |
| (3) Mining | (3) Mediterranean | (3) Equable climate |
| (4) Government | (4) Dehradun | (4) High cost minerals attract people |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Household industry | (1) Material produced by industry used as raw material by other industries | (1) Iron and Steel industry |
| (2) Heavy industry | (2) Goods produced for direct consumption | (2) Electronic industry |
| (3) Light industry | (3) Manufacture parts and components | (3) Iron sheets |
| (4) Ancillary industry | (4) Use local raw material | (4) Potters |
For example, a village may have only one or two general stores, while a large metropolis may have many specialized stores and chain stores. These differences are known as low-order service settlements and high-order service settlements. Larger settlements also have a sphere of influence affecting surrounding settlements. Settlements may also be divided by the site chosen, such as sites selected based on resources, trading points, defensive sites, shelter and relationship to water resources. The functions of human settlements also differ, as settlements may be established as ports, market towns and resorts. Types of rural settlements may also be classified by function, such as proximity to farming, fishing and mining. Settlements that focus on one economic activity are called single functional settlements. Human settlements may be permanent or temporary. For example, a refugee camp is a temporary settlement, while a city is a permanent settlement.
(1)Which human settlements are mentioned in the passage above?
(2)On what basis are urban and rural areas classified?
(3)What are the functions carried out in rural settlement?
(4)Explain the difference between low-order services and higher order service settlements.