Question
Answer the following questions: For $M^{2+}/M and M^{3+}/M^{2+}$ systems, $E^\circ$ values for some metals are as follows:
$Cr^{2+}/Cr = - 0.9 V$ $Cr^{3+}/Cr^{2+} = - 0.4 V$
$Mn^{2+}/Mn = 0 1.2 V$ $Mn^{3+}/Mn^{2+} = +1.5 V$
$Fe^{2+}/Fe = - 0.4 V$ $Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+} = +0.8 V$
Use this data to comment upon:
  1. The stability of $Fe^{3+}$ in acid solution as compared to that of $Cr^{3+}$ and $Mn^{3+}.$
  2. The ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to the similar process for either $Cr$ or $Mn$ metals.

Answer

  1. Higher the reduction potential of a species, greater is the ease with which it undergo reduction. Among these pairs, $\ce{Mn^{3+}/Mn^{2+}}$ has largest positive reduction potential. Hence $\ce{Mn^{3+}}$ can be easily reduced to $\ce{Mn^{2+}}$ i.e., $\ce{Mn^{3+}}$ is least stable. $\ce{Cr^{3+}/Cr^{2+}}$ has a negative $\ce{E^\circ}$ value, therefore, $\ce{Cr^{3+}}$ is most stable. $\ce{Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}}$ has a positive value but small. Hence, $\ce{Fe^{3+}}$ is more stable than $\ce{Mn^{3+}}$ but less stable than $\ce{Cr^{3+}}$
  2. Lower the reduction potential or higher the oxidation potential of a species, greater is the ease with which it undergo oxidation. Among these pairs, $\ce{Mn^{2+}/Mn}$ has the most negative reduction potential or most positive oxidation potential. Therefore, it will be most easily oxidised. Thus, the decreasing order of their ease of oxidation is $\ce{Mn > Cr > Fe.}$

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