Assertion (A): Fiscal deficits are always inflationary.
Reason (R): Fiscal deficit equals borrowings of the government. Such borrowings are generally financed by issuing new currency which may lead to inflation.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Profits of public sector undertakings is revenue receipt.
Reason (R): Revenue Receipts are regular and recurring in nature.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Taxation is an effective tool to reduce the inequalities of income.
Reason (R): Generally, the government collects higher taxes from the rich people and spends it on the welfare of the poor. Thereby, reducing the inequalities of income.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Fiscal deficit indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government from all sources.
Reason (R): Fiscal deficit is financed through borrowings. From the financing side: Fiscal deficit = Net borrowing at home + Borrowing from RBI + Borrowing from abroad.
Alternatives:
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The construction of flyovers is a revenue expenditure of the government.
Reason (R)Capital expenditure leads to the creation of physical assets of the government.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The government budget is the statement showing actual receipts and expenditures of the government in the coming financial year.
Reason (R): The government budget is presented by the Finance Minister of India.
Alternatives:
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Fines and penalties are a source of non-tax revenue for the government.
Reason (R): A fine of ₹ 500 was imposed on not wearing a mask.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Provision of public goods is the same as public production.
Reason (R):Provision of public goods means that public goods like law and order, defense, parks, roads, etc. are financed through the budget. These goods may be produced directly by the government or it can encourage the private sector by giving them tax concessions and subsidies.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): Government budget is an annual statement showing actual receipts and actual payments of the government for the last fiscal year.
Reason (R): The government budget is an important fiscal policy instrument of the government.
Alternatives:
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A): The best way to finance budgetary deficit is by borrowings from the general public.
Reason (R):Borrowings from the general public do not affect the money supply in the economy.
a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False
d) Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.