Question
Classify metals, conductors and semiconductors.
✓
Answer
On the basis of conductivity : On the basis of relative value of electrical conductivity ( $\sigma$ ) or resistivity ( $\rho=$ $1 / \sigma$ ) solid materials are classified as follows :
(i) Metals: Their resistivity is very low (or conductivity is very high).
$\begin{array}{l}
\rho \sim 10^{-2}-10^{-8} \Omega m \\
\sigma \sim 10^2-10^8 Sm^{-1}
\end{array}$
(ii) Semiconductors : Their resistivity or conductivity is between metals and insulating materials.
$\begin{array}{l}
\rho \sim 10^{-5}-10^6 \Omega m \\
\sigma \sim 10^5-10^{-6} Sm^{-1}
\end{array}$
(iii) Insulators : Their resistance is very high (or conductivity is very low).
$\begin{array}{l}
\rho \sim 10^{11}-10^{19} \Omega m \\
\sigma \sim 10^{-11}-10^{-19} Sm^{-1}
\end{array}$
The values of $\rho$ and $\sigma$ given above are only indicative of the order value and may go outside the given range.
(i) Metals: Their resistivity is very low (or conductivity is very high).
$\begin{array}{l}
\rho \sim 10^{-2}-10^{-8} \Omega m \\
\sigma \sim 10^2-10^8 Sm^{-1}
\end{array}$
(ii) Semiconductors : Their resistivity or conductivity is between metals and insulating materials.
$\begin{array}{l}
\rho \sim 10^{-5}-10^6 \Omega m \\
\sigma \sim 10^5-10^{-6} Sm^{-1}
\end{array}$
(iii) Insulators : Their resistance is very high (or conductivity is very low).
$\begin{array}{l}
\rho \sim 10^{11}-10^{19} \Omega m \\
\sigma \sim 10^{-11}-10^{-19} Sm^{-1}
\end{array}$
The values of $\rho$ and $\sigma$ given above are only indicative of the order value and may go outside the given range.
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