Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan with respect to some salient human development indicators.
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Human development is a process of development of socio-economical aspects of human. It is measured through Human Development Index or HDI. HDI makes rating of different countries on a scale of 0 (which represents lowest human development) and 1 (which represents the highest human development).
The following table shows the human development indicators of India, Pakistan and China (Human Development Report 2014):
The table shows that China is ahead of both India and Pakistan in terms of human development and the ranking of India and Pakistan is quite high as compared to China. If we compare other indices of human development such as proportion of population below poverty line, mortality rates, access to sanitation, we find that Pakistan is ahead of India. India is ahead of both Pakistan and China in terms of the percentage number of people with sustainable access to improved water sources. Maternal mortality rate is very high in India as compared to Pakistan. But it is very low in China. Though the above-mentioned indicators of human development are important, but these are not sufficient. Besides these, liberty indicators are no less important.
The following table shows the human development indicators of India, Pakistan and China (Human Development Report 2014):
|
Indicators
|
India
|
China
|
Pakistan
|
|
Human Development Index (Value)
|
0.586
|
0.719
|
0.537
|
|
Human Development Index (Rank)
|
135
|
91
|
146
|
|
Life Expectancy at birth (Year)
|
66.2
|
75.2
|
66.4
|
|
Adult Literacy Rate (% aged 15 and above)
|
62.8
|
95.1
|
54.7
|
|
GDP per Capita (PPP US$)
|
5238
|
11524
|
4549
|
|
People below poverty line (at $2 a day ppp)(%)
|
61
|
19
|
51
|
|
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live birth)
|
41
|
11
|
69
|
|
Maternal Mortality Rate (Per 1 lakh live birth)
|
190
|
32
|
170
|
|
Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation (%)
|
36
|
65
|
48
|
|
Population with sustainable access to improved water source (%)
|
93
|
92
|
91
|
|
Population Undernourished (%)
|
43.5
|
3.4
|
31
|
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