Consider a block of conducting material ofresistivity '$\rho$' shown in the figure. Current '$I$' enters at '$A$' and leaves from '$D$'. We apply superp osition principle to find voltage '$\Delta  V$ ' developed between '$B$' and '$C$'. The calculation is done in the following steps:
$(i)$ Take current '$I$' entering from '$A$' and assume it to spread over a hemispherical surface in the block.
$(ii)$ Calculatefield $E(r)$ at distance '$r$' from $A$ by using Ohm's law $E = \rho  j$, where j is the current per unit area at '$r$'.
$(iii)$ From the '$r$' dependence of $E(r)$, obtain the potential $V(r)$ at $r$.
$(iv)$ Repeat $(i), (ii)$ and $(iii)$ for current '$I$' leaving '$D$' and superpose results for '$A$' and '$D$'.

For current entering at $A$, the electric field at a distance '$r$'
from $A$ is

  • A$\frac{{\rho I}}{{4\pi {r^2}}}$
  • B$\frac{{\rho I}}{{8\pi {r^2}}}$
  • C$\frac{{\rho I}}{{{r^2}}}$
  • D$\frac{{\rho I}}{{2\pi {r^2}}}$
AIEEE 2008, Diffcult
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