Question
  1. Consider the following endothermic reaction:

$\text{CH}_4(\text{g})+\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{g})\rightleftharpoons\text{CO(g)}+3\text{H}_2(\text{g})$

  1. Write expression for Kp for the above reaction.
  2. How will the values of Kp and composition of equilibrium mixture be affected by.
  1. increasing the pressure.
  2. increasing the temperature.
  3. using a catalyst?
  1. Calculate the pH of the resultant mixture of 10ml of 0.1M H2SO4 + 10 ml of 0.1M KOH.

Answer

  1. $\text{CH}_4(\text{g})+\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{g})\rightleftharpoons\text{CO(g)}+3\text{H}_2(\text{g})$
  1. $\text{K}_{\text{p}}=\frac{(\text{p}_{\text{CO}})(\text{p}_{\text{H}_2})^3}{(\text{p}_{\text{CH}_4})(\text{p}_{\text{H}_2\text{O}})}$
  2.  
  1. On increasing pressure, the reaction equilibria will shift in the backward direction.

  2. As the given reaction is endothermic, on increasing temperature the given equilibrium will shift in forward direction.

  3. There is no effect of catalyst in equilibrium composition, however the equilibrium will be attained faster.

  1. 10ml of 0.1M H2SO4 is mixed with 10ml of 0.1M KOH.

The reaction is

$2\text{KOH}+\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{K}_2\text{SO}_4+2\text{H}_2\text{O}$

10ml of 0.1M H2SO4 = 0.1 × 10 = 1 millimole

10ml of 0.1M KOH = 0.1 × 10 = 1 millimole

1 millimole of KOH will react with 0.5 millimole of H2SO4

$[\because$ 0.5 millimole will produce 1 millimole of H+]

$\therefore$ H2SO4 left = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 millimole

Volume of reaction mixtrue

= 10 + 10 = 20ml

$\therefore$ Molarity of × in the mixtrue.

$=\frac{0.5}{20}=2.5\times10^{-2}\text{M}$

$[\text{H}^+]=2\times2.5 \times10^{-2}$

$=5\times10^{-2}\text{M}$

$\text{pH}=-\log(5\times10^{-2})$

$=-\log5-\log10^{-2}$

$=-0.6990+2.0000=1.30$

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