Question
$Cu ^{+}$ion is not stable in aqueous solution. Why?
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Answer
In aqueous solution $Cu ^{+}$undergoes disproportionation to form a more stable $Cu ^{2+}$ ion.
$2 Cu ^{+}{ }_{(a q)} \longrightarrow Cu ^{2+}{ }_{(a q)}+ Cu _{(s)}$
The higher stability of $Cu ^{2+}$ in aqueous solution may be attributed to its greater negative $\Delta_{h y d} . H ^0$ than that of $Cu ^{+}$. It compensates the second ionisation enthalpy of Cu involved in the formation of $Cu ^{2+}$ ions.
$2 Cu ^{+}{ }_{(a q)} \longrightarrow Cu ^{2+}{ }_{(a q)}+ Cu _{(s)}$
The higher stability of $Cu ^{2+}$ in aqueous solution may be attributed to its greater negative $\Delta_{h y d} . H ^0$ than that of $Cu ^{+}$. It compensates the second ionisation enthalpy of Cu involved in the formation of $Cu ^{2+}$ ions.
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