Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output. - Vidyadip

Question

Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

✓

Answer

The cardiac cycle encompasses the sequential changes in different parts of the heart, starting from one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. The various events occurring during a complete cycle of heartbeats are termed the cardiac cycle. A normal cardiac cycle takes about 0.8 seconds to complete. Each cycle includes two phases-relaxation (diastole) and contraction (systole). Both atria and ventricles contract and relax during the cardiac cycle, leading to changes in their volumes, opening and closing of valves, and filling and emptying of heart chambers. The blood filled in the heart chambers during the cardiac cycle is pumped in a definite direction.
Cardiac Output: The volume of blood ejected per minute from the left ventricle is called cardiac output or stroke volume.The cardiac output is calculated as the heart rate per minute multiplied by the stroke volume.
Stroke Volume (SV) is the blood volume ejected per systole, which is around 70 milliliters. Cardiac Output Heart Rate (per minute) × Stroke Volume (70 millilitres) = 72 x 70 = 5040 per minute = 5 litres per minute 10% of the cardiac output goes to the heart muscles. 15% to the brain, 20% to the kidneys, 25% to the digestive system, and 30% to other body parts.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "4 Marks Questions" from PART - 2 - Unit V : CH - 15 Body Fluids and Circulation→PART - 2 - Unit V : CH - 15 Body Fluids and Circulation — all question types→BIOLOGY STD 11 Science question papers→Rajasthan Board STD 11 Science question papers→Rajasthan Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

For the classification of housefly, correctly match the terms given in Column-I with the terms given in Column-II.

Column-I	Column-II
1. Family	(i) Arthropoda
2. Order	(ii) Insecta
3. Class	(iii) Muscidae
4. Phylum	(iv) Diptera

Make a labeled diagram of Singer and Nicolson improved model of the structure of cell membrane and briefly describe it.

Differentiate between
Aerobic respiration and Fermentation

R.H. Whittaker proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. The three-domain system has also been proposed that divides the Kingdom Monera into two domains, leaving the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms in the third domain and there by a six kingdom classification. Earlier classification systems included bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and the angiosperms under 'Plants'. The character that unified this whole kingdom was that all the organisms included had a cell wall in their cells.
Robert H. Whittaker (1969)

i. Observe Robert H. Whittaker (1969) flow chart of classification and mention what type of organisms were included in Kingdom Animalia? (1)
ii. Mention two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (1)
iii. Linnaeus used which kingdom of classification? State two drawbacks of Linnaeus two kingdom classification. (2)

OR

Is Fungi- Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic the correct match? Also, Mention the difference between the walls of fungi and green plants. (2)

→

Write any four differences between afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole.

The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation, and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the fungi kingdom into various classes which include four sub-division Phycomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes. Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants, ascomycetes are mostly multicellular. The asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. Basidiomycetes are mushrooms, bracket fungi or puffballs. They grow in soil, on logs and tree stumps and in living plant bodies as parasites. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium.

Classification of Fungi
Phycomycetes (Lower Fungi)	Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi)	Basidiomycetes (Club Fungi)	Deuteromycetes (Fungi imperfecti)
Saprolegnia	Yeast	Agaricus	Cercospora
Rhizopus	Aspergillus	Polyporus	Collectotrichum
Mucor	Pencillium	Puccinia	Trichoderma
Albugo	Neurospora	Ustilago	Pyricularia
Pythium	Peziza	Lycoperdon	Fusarium

i. Observed given table of Classification of Fungi and identify the class of fungi in which asexual spores are not found, vegetative reproduction occurs by fragmentation, and sexual organs are absent. (1)
ii. Where are Members of Phycomycetes found? (1)
iii. What is ascomycetes? What is the characteristic feature of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes? (2)

OR

Identify the figure given below. Also, mention its characteristics. (2)

→

Write short notes on the function of the following hormone :
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Write the names of four groups of bacteria on the basis of shape. Name any four diseases caused by bacteria and draw any two picture of bacteria.

Various parts of the plant such as stems leaves, and even fruits are modified into underground parts to perform various functions such as stems, leaves, and even fruits.
The stems in ginger and banana are underground and swollen due to storage of food. They are called rhizome. Rhizome of ginger is a modification of stem because it bears nodes, internodes, terminal buds, scaly leaves and buds, which give rise to aerial shoots. It is not a root because root does not have nodes and internodes. Also, rhizome does not perform the function of roots i.e. anchorage and absorption, rather it serve as reservoir for storage of food. Similarly, corm is an underground stem in Colocasia (jimikand) The tips of the underground stem in potato become swollen due to accumulation of food and forms tuber.

i. Observe the given flow chart and mention what are the four types of Underground stem modification also mention one example of each. (1)
ii. Ginger is an underground stem but why it is distinguished from a root? (1)
iii. Why do the tips of modified stems in potatoes become swollen? (2)

OR

Are all underground parts of a plant roots? (2)

→

Analyse the events during every stage of cell cycle and notice how the following two parameters change: (i) number of chromosomes (N) per cell, (ii) amount of DNA content (C) per cell.