Question
Define and explain:
(a) a wave normal
(b) a ray of light.

Answer

(a) Wavenormal: A wave normal at a point on a wavefront is defined as a line drawn perpendicular to the wavefront in the direction of propagation of the wavefront.
In a homogeneous isotropic medium, a wavefront moves parallel to itself. Thus, at any point in the medium, the direction in which the wavefront moves is always perpendicular to the wavefront at that point. This direction is given by the wave normal at that point.
(b) Ray of light The direction in which light is propagated is called a ray of light.
This term (ray of light) is also used to mean a narrow beam of light waves. Only in a homogeneous isotropic medium is a ray of light the same as a wave normal. For spherical wavefronts spreading out from a point source, the rays are radially divergent. The rays corresponding to a plane' wavefront form a parallel beam.

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