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Carbon and its Compounds — Science STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceCarbon and its Compounds3 Marks
Question
Define the term ‘structural isomerism’. Explain why propane cannot exhibit this property. Draw the structures of possible isomers of butane, $C _4 H _{10}$.
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Answer

  1. The organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures are known as structural isomers.
  2. The phenomenon of occurring two or more different organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures is called 'structural isomerism'.
  3. No isomerism is possible in prqpane as it has only 3 carbon atoms, it is not possible to have different arrangement of carbon atoms in propane.
  4. Isomers of butane, $C _4 H _{10}$:
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{n}-\text{butane}$

$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} \ \ \ {-} \ \ \ \text{C} \ \ \ {-} \ \ \ \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ 2-\text{Methyl propane}$

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