Question
Describe stress-strain relationship for a loaded steel wire and hence explain the terms : Elastic limit, yield point, tensile strength.
✓
Answer
In figure. 
Elastic region : O to E. Plastic region : E to B. Upto the point E, the steel wire will regain its status immediately on the removal of stress and the ratio of $\frac{\text{Stress}}{\text{Strain}}$ will be a constant.
Elastic region : O to E. Plastic region : E to B. Upto the point E, the steel wire will regain its status immediately on the removal of stress and the ratio of $\frac{\text{Stress}}{\text{Strain}}$ will be a constant.
- Strain increases in proportion to the load upto P. But beyond P, it increases by an increasingly greater amount for a given increase in the load. Beyond the elastic limit E, it does not retrace the curve backward. The wire is unloaded but returns to 'O' along the dotted line 'AO'. Point 'O' corresponding to zero load which implies a permanent strain in wire.
- From C to B, strain increases even if the wire is being unloaded and at B it fractures. Stress upto that corresponding to C can be applied without causing fracture.
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