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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYSexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants2 Marks
Question
Describe the development of endosperm after double fertilization in an angiosperm. Why does endosperm development proceeds that of zygote?
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Answer

Endosperm Development:
  • Endosperm develops first followed by an embryo.
  • Endosperm develops from PEN.
  • The PEN undergoes successive nuclear divisions to give rise to free nuclei and this stage of endosperm development is called free nuclear endosperm.
  • Subsequently, cell wall is formed on the periphery and endosperm becomes cellular.
  • This division is followed by cytokinesis and thus endosperm becomes cellular. It is now called cellular endosperm.
Functions:
  • The cells of endosperm tissue are triploid and filled with reserve food material to nourish the developing embryo.
  • The water of tender coconut in the centre is free-nuclear endosperm and white kernel in the outer part is the multicellular endosperm.
  • The endosperm may be completely consumed by the developing embryo, e.g., pea, beans, or it may persist in mature seed, e.g., coconut.

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