Question
Describe the $IUPAC$ rules of naming organic compounds.
✓
Answer
IUPAC nomenclature system: International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) put forth a nomenclature system based on the structure of the compounds and it was accepted all over the world. There are three units in the IUPAC name of any carbon compound: parent, suffix and prefix. These are arranged in the name as follows: Prefix-parent-suffix:
An IUPAC name is given to a compound on the basis of the name of its parent alkane. The name of the compound is constructed by attaching appropriate suffix and prefix to the name of the parent-alkane. The steps in the IUPAC nomenclature of straight chain compounds are as follows: Step 1: Draw the structural formula of the straight chain compound and count the number of carbon atoms in it. The alkane with the same number of carbon atoms is the parent alkane of the concerned compound. Write the name of this alkane. In case the carbon chain of concerned compound contains a double bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. If the carbon chain in the concerned compound contains a triple bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘yne’.
An IUPAC name is given to a compound on the basis of the name of its parent alkane. The name of the compound is constructed by attaching appropriate suffix and prefix to the name of the parent-alkane. The steps in the IUPAC nomenclature of straight chain compounds are as follows: Step 1: Draw the structural formula of the straight chain compound and count the number of carbon atoms in it. The alkane with the same number of carbon atoms is the parent alkane of the concerned compound. Write the name of this alkane. In case the carbon chain of concerned compound contains a double bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. If the carbon chain in the concerned compound contains a triple bond, change the ending of the parent name from ‘ane’ to ‘yne’.
| Sr. No. | Structural formula | Straight chain | Parent name |
| $1.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– CH_3$ | $C – C – C$ | propane |
| $2.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– OH$ | $C – C$ | ethane |
| $3.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– COOH$ | $C – C – C$ | propane |
| $4.$ | $CH_3– CH_2– CH_2– CHO$ | $C – C – C – C$ | butane |
| $5.$ | $CH_3– CH = CH_2$ | $C – C = C$ | propene |
| $6.$ | $CH_3– C ≡ CH$ | $C – C ≡ C$ | propyne |
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
What is meant by homologous series?
Identify the phylum of the given animal and write any two characteristics of this phylum.
Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands:
- Thyroid gland.
- Parathyroid glands.
- Pancreas.
- Adrenal glands.
Write a short note.
Regelation
Regelation
Bring out the contribution of India’s space missions.
A four carbons atoms containing neutral organic compound $X$ reacts with sodium metal to evolve a gas which burns with 'pop' sound. Another four carbon atoms containing carbon compound reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate to evolve a gas which turns lime water milky. When compounds $X$ and $Y$ are heated together in the presence of a little of concentrated sulphuric acid, then a new compound $Z$ is formed.
→- What is compound $X?$ Also write its formula.
- What is compound $Y?$ Also write its formula.
- What is compound $Z?$ Also write its formula.
- What type of smell is given by compound $Z?$
- What is the general name of compounds like $Z?$
- What is the general name of the reaction which which takes place between $X$ and $Y$ to form $Z?$
Complete the chart as per the objectives of first aid.
Observe the figure and answer the questions given below.
(a) What do these figures indicate?
(b) Which gadgets can be misused for these?
(c) Give two examples of such events.
(d) Name the act amended by Government of Maharashtra to control such events.
(e) What care should be taken by a person to avoid such events?
A ball falls off a table and reaches the ground in $1$ s. Assuming g = 10 m/s^2, calculate its speed on reaching the ground and the height of the table.
→Explain sexual reproduction in plants.###Explain double fertilization in plants.