| Hypocotyl | Epicotyl |
| 1. It is the area of embryo axis between cotyleelonay node and radicle. | It is the area of embryo axis between plumule and cotyleelonay nocle. |
| 2. At the time of sprouting, it elongates to bring the cotyleelonay out of the soil Example Bean, Castor, etc. | At the time of sprouting, epicotyl elongates keeping the cotyledons in the oil. Exmaples maize, gram, etc. |
| Coleoptile | Coleorhiza |
| 1. The epicotyl bearing shoot apex and leaf primordia is enclosed in a foliar strcuture. which is called coleoptile. | Coleorahiza is a sheath like structure founed in a plant seed that connects the coleoptile to the primary root, enclosing the plumule and radicle. |
| 2. It is an outer protective sheath of radicle | It is an outer protective sheath of plumule. |
| Integument | Testa |
| 1. Integument are the protective covering of the ovules | The Integument hardens to form tough seed coat, called testa |
| 2. It is less hard and provide protection to the ovule | It is more hard and provide protection to the embryo |
| 3. Micropylar end is absent | Micropylar end is present |
| Perisperm | Pericarp |
| 1. It is the residual perisistent nucellus in the seeds eg. in black paper, beetroot etc. | It is a fruit wall developed from the wall of ovary after fertilization. |
| 2. It is single layered | It may be divided into three layers epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. |
| 3. It stores food | It provides protection and stores food. |
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